The New Vacuum Solar Telescope (NVST) is a 1 meter vacuum solar telescope that aims to observe the fine structures on the Sun. The main tasks of NVST are high resolution imaging and spectral observations, including the measurements of solar magnetic field.NVST is the primary ground-based facility of Chinese solar community in this solar cycle. It is located by the Fuxian Lake of southwest China, where the seeing is good enough to perform high resolution observations. In this paper, we first introduce the general conditions of Fuxian Solar Observatory and the primary science cases of NVST. Then, the basic structures of this telescope and instruments are described in detail. Finally, some typical high resolution data of solar photosphere and chromosphere are also shown.

An efficient, sustainable organocatalyst, glycine betaine, was developed for the reductive functionalization of CO with amines and diphenylsilane. Methylamines and formamides were obtained in high yield by tuning the CO pressure and reaction temperature. Based on identification of the key intermediate, that is, the aminal, an alternative mechanism for methylation involving the C silyl acetal and aminal is proposed. Furthermore, reducing the CO amount afforded aminals with high yield and selectivity. Therefore, betaine catalysis affords products with a diversified energy content that is, formamides, aminals and methylamines, by hierarchical two-, four- and six-electron reduction, respectively, of CO coupled with C-N bond formation.

Copolymers of octanediol adipate and sorbitol adipate, P(OA-SA), copolymers of octanediol adipate and glycerol adipate, P(OA-GA), poly(octamethylene adipate), POA, and poly(sorbitol adipate), PSorA, were synthesized using immobilized Lipase B from Candida antarctica (Novozyme-435) as catalyst. The molecular weights and polydispersity indices of these polyesters were determined. The physical properties of these polyesters were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). These polymers are semicrystalline except for PSorA, which is amorphous. With increasing sorbitol or glycerol content in the polyesters, both melting and crystallization temperatures decreased. The melting temperature depression is well described by Baur's equation for random copolymers where the second comonomer is completely excluded from the crystal phase of the crystallizable first monomer. Also, the melting enthalpy decreases, and WAXS measurements confirm that the degree of crystallinity decreases upon copolymerization with either sorbitol or glycerol. Furthermore, the crystal phase is that of POA.

SYNOPSISPoly (2,6-dimethylphenylene oxide) ( P P O ) was sulfonated to varying degrees using different sulfonating agents. Physical properties such as solubility, density, and thermal properties were studied for both PPO and sulfonated PPO ( S P P O ) with different degrees of sulfonation. Density and Tg value were increased after sulfonation. The solubility in dipolar aprotic solvents was improved and was dependent on the degree of sulfonation, and the thermal stability of PPO was slightly decreased after sulfonation.

A single-molecule field-effect transistor (FET) is the key building block of future electronic circuits. At the same time, a single-molecule FET is also a unique platform for studying physical mechanisms...

DNA-protein interaction plays an essential role in the storage, expression, and regulation of genetic information. A 1D/3D facilitated diffusion mechanism has been proposed to explain the extraordinarily rapid rate of DNA-binding protein (DBP) searching for cognate sequence along DNA and further studied by single-molecule experiments. However, direct observation of the detailed chronological protein searching image is still a formidable challenge. Here, for the first time, a single-molecule electrical monitoring technique is utilized to realize label-free detection of the DBP-DNA interaction process based on high-gain silicon nanowire field-effect transistors (SiNW FETs). The whole binding process of WRKY domain and DNA has been visualized with high sensitivity and single-base resolution. Impressively, the swinging of hydrogen bonds between amino acid residues and bases in DNA induce the dynamic collective motion of DBP-DNA. This in situ, label-free electrical detection platform provides a practical experimental methodology for dynamic studies of various biomolecules.

Lipase-catalyzed terpolymerizations were performed with the monomers trimethylolpropane (B3), 1,8-octanediol (B2), and adipic acid (A2). Polymerizations were performed in bulk, at 70 degrees C, for 42 h, using immobilized lipase B from Candida antartica (Novozyme-435) as a catalyst. To determine the substitution pattern of trimethylolpropane (TMP) in copolymers, model compounds with variable degrees of acetylation were synthesized. Inverse-gated 13C NMR spectra were recorded to first determine the chemical shift positions for mono-, di-, and trisubstituted TMP units and, subsequently, to determine substitution of TMP units along chains. Variation of TMP in the monomer feed gave copolymers with degrees of branching (DB) from 20% to 67%. In one example, a hyperbranched copolyester with 53 mol % TMP adipate units was formed in 80% yield, with Mw 14 100 (relative to polystyrene standards), Mw/Mn 5.3, and DB 36%. Thermal and crystalline properties of the copolyesters were studied by thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry.

Carbon dioxide, as a promising C1 synthon, has attracted great interest in organic synthesis. Due to the thermodynamic stability and kinetic inertness of CO2, developing efficient strategies for CO2 activation and subsequent conversion is very crucial. In this context, Ionic liquids (ILs) show great potential for capturing and activating CO2 owing to their unique structures and properties, making them become ideal alternatives to volatile organic solvents and/or catalysts for CO2 transformation. This minireview aims at summarizing ILs-promoted reactions of CO2 with N-nucleophiles (primary amines)/O-nucleophiles (primary alcohols, water). Two catalytic systems i.e., metal/ILs binary systems such as Cu/ILs systems and Ag/ILs systems as well as single ILs systems including anion-functionalized ILs and bifunctionalized ILs have been developed for CO2 catalytic conversion, for instance, carboxylative cyclization of nucleophiles e.g., propargylic alcohols, amines, 2-aminobenzonitriles and o-aminobenzenethiol, and formylation of amines or 2-aminothiophenols with hydrosilanes to afford various value-added chemicals e.g., cyclic carbamates, unsymmetrical organic carbonates, α-hydroxyl ketones, and benzimidazolones. In a word, IL could provide a powerful tool for efficient CO2 utilization.