The quark matter symmetry free energy and the thermodynamical properties of strange quark matter (SQM) in strong magnetic fields and non-zero temperature cases are discussed in this work within Nambu–Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model by considering two kinds of vector interactions. The properties of the proto-quark stars (PQSs) are also studied by introducing a density-dependent magnetic field strength distribution and assuming two ‘extreme’ magnetic orientation cases inside the quark stars (QSs). The results indicate that the strength and orientation distribution of the magnetic fields in the QSs and the heating/cooling process during the star evolution may both influence the star mass of QSs within SU(3) NJL model.
Quantum error-correction codes are immeasurable resources for quantum computing and quantum communication. However, the existing decoders are generally incapable of checking node duplication of belief propagation (BP) on quantum low-density parity check (QLDPC) codes. Based on the probability theory in the machine learning, mathematical statistics and topological structure, a GF(4) (the Galois field is abbreviated as GF) augmented model BP decoder with Tanner graph is designed. The problem of repeated check nodes can be solved by this decoder. In simulation, when the random perturbation strength p=0.0115–0.0116 and number of attempts N = 60–70, the highest decoding efficiency of the augmented model BP decoder is obtained, and the low-loss frame error rate (FER) decreases to 7.1975 ×10−5. Hence, we design a novel augmented model decoder to compare the relationship between GF(2) and GF(4) for quantum code [[450,200]] on the depolarization channel. It can be verified that the proposed decoder provides the widely application range, and the decoding performance is better in QLDPC codes.
We study the thermodynamic properties of asymmetric quark matter and large mass quark stars within the confined-isospin-density-dependent-quark-mass model. We find that the quark matter symmetry energy should be very large in order to describe the recent discovered heavy compact stars PSR J0348+0432 ($$\text {2.01}\pm \text {0.04}M_{\odot }$$
2.01
±
0.04
M
⊙
), MSP J0740+6620 ($$\text {2.14}\pm ^\text {0.10}_\text {0.09}M_{\odot }$$
2.14
±
0.09
0.10
M
⊙
of 68.3$$\%$$
%
credibility interval and $$\text {2.14}\pm ^\text {0.20}_\text {0.18}M_{\odot }$$
2.14
±
0.18
0.20
M
⊙
of 95.4$$\%$$
%
credibility interval) and PSR J2215+5135 (2.27$$\pm ^\text {0.10}_\text {0.09}M_{\odot }$$
±
0.09
0.10
M
⊙
) as QSs. The tidal deformability $$\Lambda _{1.4}$$
Λ
1.4
of the QSs is also investigated in this work, and the result indicates that $$\Lambda _{1.4}$$
Λ
1.4
may depend on the isospin effects and the strength / orientation distribution of the magnetic fields inside the quark stars.
In this study, both theoretical analysis and experimental validation are carried out for 3D surface measurement under different indoor/outdoor environmental conditions via combining the projected laser-beam-based sinusoidal optical signal, the optical filtering technique, and the single-shot approach based on Fourier transform profilometry. The designed optical signal generator used in this work is capable of ensuring that the projected fringe pattern is monochromatic, higher-contrast, time-invariant, and truly sinusoidal. The proposed and developed optical setup of 3D surface measurement is portable and is used for in-situ experiments of 3D surface measurements that have been carried out under different sunlight illuminations. The experimental results indicate that accurate reconstructions of measured objects with even or varying surface reflectivity can be obtained under windy conditions and strong environmental illuminations such as the background illuminance of 5600–35,000 Lux. The generated fringe-pattern signal is not sensitive to vibrations from environmental influences including the effects of the wind, which has overcome the outdoor-measurement restrictions of the traditional interferometric system and the profilometry approaches based on phase-shifting methods.
With the extensive development of the robotics research, the actuator source of the robot has been extensively studied. The traditional motor and cylinder drive have big stiffness, it is easier to hurt the operator. The PAM is more compliance, and it have high force-to-weight ratio and safety[1]. Based on these characteristics, researchers take in-depth study of PAMs. PAM can generate contraction force by compressing gas. It is used in medical, rehabilitation and robotics[2-5]. The first woven PAM was designed by American physician Joseph L. McKibben in the 1950s[6]. In the last decade, international scholars have got some achievements[7]. Ching-ping Chou et al. established the static model of McKibben type PAM[8]. Based on the mathematical model, Repperger et al. designed a nonlinear feedback controller to control the single PAM system[9]. However a single PAM system can't provide simultaneous tension and pressure. So, Caldwell et al. designed a PID controller for controlling the position of a group of antagonistic PAMs joint[10]. Bong-Soo Kang analyzed force characteristic of antagonistic PAMs joint by sliding control[11]. In order to provide compliance to enhance the intrinsic safety of human or robot interaction, several researchers have developed variable stiffness of PAMs. The modulation of actuator output stiffness and force can serve several purposes in robotic applications.
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