Background Frontline nurses have been directly exposed to the SARS-CoV-2 virus and come in close contact with patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nurses endorse tasks related to disease control and face multiple psychosocial challenges in their frontline work, potentially affecting their mental well-being and ability to satisfyingly perform their tasks. Objectives To explore the psychosocial experiences of frontline nurses working in hospital-based settings during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design The qualitative systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) recommendations. Registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021259111). Data sources Literature searches were performed through PubMed, CINAHL, and the WHO COVID-19 database. Inclusion criteria were: All types of nurses having direct contact with or taking care of patients; Primary, secondary, and tertiary health-care services admitting and treating COVID-19 patients; Experiences, perceptions, feelings, views in psychosocial aspects from the identified population group; Qualitative studies; Mixed methods studies; Language in English; Published date 2019-2021. Exclusion criteria were: Commentaries; Reviews; Discussion papers; Quantitative studies; Language other than English; Published in 2018 or earlier; Studies without an ethical approval and ethical statement. Review methods The studies were screened and selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Quality appraisal was conducted according to the Critical Appraisal Skills Program qualitative study checklist. Data was extracted from included studies and a thematic synthesis was made. Results A total of 28 studies were included in the review. The experiences of 1141 nurses from 12 countries were synthesised. Four themes were constructed: ‘Nurses' emotional, mental and physical reactions to COVID-19’, ‘A mix of environmental and personal stressors’, ‘Internally and externally supported coping strategies’, and ‘A call for future help and support’. Conclusion Nurses working frontline during the COVID-19 pandemic have experienced psychological, social, and emotional distress in coping with work demands, social relationships, and their personal life. The results pointed to a need for increased psychological and social support for frontline nurses to cope with stress and maintain mental well-being, which may subsequently affect nursing care outcomes.

Background Hypertension is a major cause of cardiovascular disease, which is the leading cause of premature death. People with hypertension who do not comply with recommended treatment strategies have a higher risk of heart attacks and strokes, leading to hospitalization and consequently greater health care costs. The smartphone, which is now ubiquitous, offers a convenient tool to aid in the treatment of hypertension through the use of apps targeting lifestyle management, and such app-based interventions have shown promising results. In particular, recent evidence has shown the feasibility, acceptability, and success of digital interventions in changing the behavior of people with chronic conditions. Objective The aim of this study was to systematically compile available evidence to determine the overall effect of smartphone apps on blood pressure control, medication adherence, and lifestyle changes for people with hypertension. Methods This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement guidelines. Databases were searched to identify randomized controlled trials related to the influence of an app-based intervention in people with hypertension. Data extracted from the included studies were subjected to a meta-analysis to compare the effects of the smartphone app intervention to a control. Results Eight studies with a total of 1657 participants fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Pooled analysis of 6 studies assessing systolic blood pressure showed a significant overall effect in favor of the smartphone intervention (weighted mean difference –2.28, 95% CI –3.90-0.66). Pooled analysis of studies assessing medication adherence demonstrated a significant effect (P<.001) in favor of the intervention group (standard mean difference 0.38, 95% CI 0.26-0.50) with low heterogeneity (I2=0%). No difference between groups was demonstrated with respect to physical activity. Conclusions A smartphone intervention leads to a reduction in blood pressure and an increase in medication adherence for people with hypertension. Future research should focus on the effect of behavior coaching apps on medication adherence, lifestyle change, and blood pressure reduction.

Real-time monitoring of flammable and explosive gas pipeline networks is of great significance for ensuring the safety of life and property. Although the optical fiber sensing technology has achieved theoretical research results in the field of monitoring pipeline leakage recently, the practical applicability of theoretical results has not been noticed. This paper analyzes the research progress of pipeline leak detection technology based on optical fiber sensing technology firstly and proposes an algorithm for monitoring gas pipeline leakage based on distributed optical fiber acoustic sensing(DAS) system. The algorithm can obtain the time domain signal characteristics of pipeline leakage to identify leaks, locate the leak points through frequency domain. Experiments show that the algorithm can identify pipeline leakage and locate leaks, the Signal to noise ratio (SNR) and correlation coefficient can be increased to 18.28 and 0.75 respectively. The accuracy of identifying pipeline leakage and locating the pipeline leak points is effectively improved. INDEX TERMS Pipeline leakage, DAS, time domain, frequency domain, identify pipeline leakage and locate leaks.

ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence of frailty and pre-frailty and its associated factors in Chinese older adults with diabetes through a nationwide cross-sectional study.Research design and methodsThe data were obtained from the Sample Survey of the Aged Population in Urban and Rural China (SSAPUR), conducted in 2015, which was a cross-sectional study involving a nationally representative sample of older adults aged 60 years or more from 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities in mainland China. Subjects with diabetes were included in this study. Frailty index (FI), based on 33 potential deficits, was used to categorize individuals as robust, pre-frail, or frail.ResultsA total of 18,010 older adults with diabetes were included in this study. The weighted prevalence of frailty and pre-frailty in older adults with diabetes in China was 22.7% (95% CI 22.1–23.3%) and 58.5% (95% CI 57.8–59.2%), respectively. The prevalence of frailty and pre-frailty among older adults with diabetes from different provinces/municipalities/autonomous regions was significantly different. Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed living alone, poor economic status, ADL disability, and comorbidities were strongly correlated with frailty and pre-frailty in older adults with diabetes.ConclusionFrailty and pre-frailty are common in older adults with diabetes in China, and exhibit sociodemographic and geographic differences. In the clinical setting of older adults with diabetes, there is a need to increase awareness of frailty and to advance the early diagnosis and intervention of frailty.