BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Periventricular white matter injury is the common cause of spastic cerebral palsy. However, the early diagnosis of spastic cerebral palsy still remains a challenge. Our aim was to investigate whether infants with periventricular white matter injury with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy have unique lesions different from those in infants without cerebral palsy and to evaluate the efficiency of DTI in the early diagnosis of spastic cerebral palsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Infants with periventricular white matter injury and controls underwent MR imaging at 6-18 months of age. Fractional anisotropy was calculated from DTI. Cerebral palsy was diagnosed by 24-30 months of age. Subjects were divided into 3 groups: infants with periventricular white matter injury with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy, infants with periventricular white matter injury without cerebral palsy, and controls. Tract-Based Spatial Statistics and Automated Fiber Quantification were used to investigate intergroup differences. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to assess the diagnostic accuracy of spastic cerebral palsy. Correlations between motor function scores and fractional anisotropy were evaluated along white matter tracts. RESULTS: There were 20, 19, and 33 subjects in periventricular white matter injury with spastic cerebral palsy, periventricular white matter injury without cerebral palsy, and control groups, respectively. Decreased fractional anisotropy in the corticospinal tract was only observed in infants with periventricular white matter injury with spastic cerebral palsy, whereas decreased fractional anisotropy in the posterior thalamic radiation and genu and splenium of the corpus callosum was seen in both periventricular white matter injury subgroups. Fractional anisotropy in the corticospinal tract at the internal capsule level was effective in differentiating infants with periventricular white matter injury with spastic cerebral palsy from those without cerebral palsy by a threshold of 0.53, and it had strong correlations with motor function scores. CONCLUSIONS: Corticospinal tract lesions play a crucial role in motor impairment related to spastic cerebral palsy in infants with periventricular white matter injury. Fractional anisotropy in the corticospinal tract at the internal capsule level could aid in the early diagnosis of spastic cerebral palsy with high diagnostic accuracy. ABBREVIATIONS: CP ϭ cerebral palsy; CST ϭ corticospinal tract; CST-CP ϭ CST at the cerebral peduncle level; CST-CR ϭ CST at the corona radiata level; CST-IC ϭ CST at the internal capsule level; FA ϭ fractional anisotropy; GCC ϭ genu of the corpus callosum; GMFCS ϭ Gross Motor Function Classification System; PTR ϭ posterior thalamic radiation; PWMI ϭ periventricular white matter injury; SCC ϭ splenium of the corpus callosum; SCP ϭ spastic cerebral palsy
Purpose. CD147, also known as BSG, is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein that belonged to immunoglobulin superfamily. Mature CD147 is an N-linked glycosylated protein and exists on the transmembrane and as soluble forms in tumors. However, the function of CD147 in cell proliferation of bladder cancer (BC) remains to be elucidated. Methods. e study included 159 patients with BC and 68 healthy controls. e expression of CD147 and gasdermin D (GSDMD) was analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Western blotting was performed to detect the expression of proteins in BC cells. e relationship between CD147 and GSDMD was analyzed by the IHC score. Results. e expression of CD147 was significantly increased in BC when compared to healthy controls, and the level of CD147 was correlated with tumor proliferation characterized by Ki-67, which is a cell proliferation antigen. In addition, CD147 treatment of BC cells increased the expression of GSDMD, leading to increased Ki-67 expression, while CD147 blockade with peptide in BC significantly reduced GSDMD expression, resulting in reduced cell proliferation. Furthermore, overexpression of GSDMD markedly overcame the inhibitory effect of CD147 peptide on tumor proliferation. BC patients with overexpression of CD147 showed correlation with GSDMD and demonstrated significantly poorer prognosis and overall survival rate. Conclusion. ese findings suggested that high expression of CD147 contributed to tumor proliferation in BC via GSDMD, which might in turn act as an unfavorable prognostic marker.
This study was to assess the changes in the haemodynamic parameters of the hepatic artery and vein in the diagnosis of liver metastases by contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). 52 patients with proven liver metastases (patient group) and 23 normal volunteers (control group) were recruited in this study. Each subject was administered an intravenous bolus injection of SonoVue (0.6 ml). The arrival time in the hepatic artery (AT HA), time to peak in the hepatic artery (TTP HA), peak intensity of the hepatic artery (PI HA), arrival time in the hepatic vein (AT HV), time to peak in the hepatic vein (TTP HV) and peak intensity of the hepatic vein (PI HV) were measured with the use of time-intensity curve software. The hepatic artery to vein transit time (HAVTT) was calculated as the difference between the arrival times in the hepatic artery and the hepatic vein. AT HA, TTP HA, AT HV, TTP HV and HAVTT in the patient group were significantly shorter than those of the control group (P<0.01). PI HA and PI HV in the patient group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.01). These results suggest that CEUS assessment of changes in the haemodynamic parameters of the hepatic artery and vein help to diagnose liver metastases. This functional imaging technique may contribute to the early detection of micrometastases in the liver.
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