Peony is a traditional Chinese flower with significant ornamental and medicinal value. However, there are still problems, such as serious browning, difficulties in differentiation, and rooting and low regeneration efficiency in the process of the regeneration system established, which have hindered the development of transgenic peony technology. Establishing an efficient regeneration system is considered to be an important goal among peony researchers. Here, we describe a protocol for high-frequency callus induction and establishment of peony plants using flower petals as explants. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 1.5 mg/L N-(phenylmethyl)-9H-purin-6-amine (6-BA), and 0.3 mg/L 1-naphthylacetic acid (NAA) was identified as the best medium for callus induction, achieving an induction rate of up to 98.52%. The highest peony proliferation rate (234%) was achieved on MS supplemented with 0.2 mg/L NAA and 3.0 mg/L 6-BA. The highest callus differentiation rate (34.81%) was achieved on MS supplemented with 2.0 mg/L 6-BA and 0.5 mg/L zeatin (ZT). The highest rooting rate was 23.33% when using 1/2 MS supplemented with 0.1 mg/L NAA and 0.05 mg/L 3-indolebutyric acid (IBA). After acclimation, the plants were transferred to pots, where they showed robust growth. We also observed the surface structures of the calluses using scanning electron microscopy and found that the differentiation characteristics of the calluses were hugely variable and that different surface structures appeared to affect bud differentiation efficiency. The efficient and rapid system for regenerating peonies using petal cultures established here will create new opportunities for the mass reproduction and genetic engineering of peony plants.
2021) Integrated weighted gene co-expression network analysis uncovers STAT1(signal transducer and activator of transcription 1) and IFI44L (interferon-induced protein 44-like) as key genes in pulmonary arterial hypertension,
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Peony is an excellent ornamental, medicinal, and oily plant. Its traditional seed propagation methods have the disadvantages of low propagation coefficient, long seedling cycle, and low seedling emergence rate, which severely restrict the supply of seedlings for the peony industry. Efficient tissue culture technology is an important basis for accelerating its breeding and reproduction, and in vitro seed embryo culturing into seedlings can also effectively avoid the above problems. However, the browning phenomenon caused by man-made damage in the process of seed embryo stripping leads to problems such as low induction rate and difficulty in rooting, and the relationship between anti-browning agents and seed embryo root formation is still unclear. This study intends to improve the induction rate of peony seedlings by using different anti-browning agents and different combinations and to clarify the relationship between anti-browning agents and seedling rooting using transcriptome sequencing methods. The results show that both anti-browning agents, activated carbon (AC) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), can increase the germination rate of seed embryos. Testing with 0.9 g/L of AC showed excellent performance of peony rooting rate and seedling growth, but only AC and the combination of AC and PVP can further promote rooting development. Through transcriptome analysis, we found that the AC vs. control check (CK), AC vs. PVP, and PVP vs. AC and PVP groups have significantly more differentially expressed genes than the AC vs. AC and PVP groups. Pathway enrichment analysis shows that “phenylpropanoid biosynthesis”/“cutin, suberin, and wax biosynthesis” is significantly enriched in these groups, while the AC vs. AC and PVP groups are mainly enriched in “cytochrome P450,” indicating that AC may promote the further development of roots into seedlings by stimulating “phenylpropanoid biosynthesis” and biosynthesis of stratum cutin and suberin. This study can lay the foundation for understanding the potential molecular mechanism of the anti-browning agent promoting the rooting of seed embryo seedlings and also provide a theoretical basis for perfecting the construction of the peony tissue culture and rapid propagation system.
To explore the clinical characteristics of non-pediatric patients with acute fulminant myocarditis (AFM) and evaluate the treatment effects of astragalus injection on this disease.
A total of 54 AFM patients were screened out from 586 patients with acute myocarditis, admitted to the department of cardiology between January 2011 to June 2018. The demographic and clinical data, investigations, treatments, and short-term outcomes were collected and retrospectively analyzed.
The mean age of the 54 AFM patients was 34 ± 16.5 years old (range: 13–70 years), including 24 (44.5%) men and 30 (55.5%) women, with a high incidence in 2 age groups: 13–19 and 40–49 years old, despite an inverse trend to the increase of age. All these cases were admitted in emergency conditions: 26 (48.1%) cardiogenic shock, 18 (33.4%) malignant arrhythmias, 8 (14.8%) severe heart failure, and 2 (3.7%) acute pericardial tamponade. Apart from first-aid measures, 37 (68.5%) patients received astragalus injection. During hospitalization, 11 (20.4%) patients died, and 4 (36.3%) of them were from astragalus group while 7 (63.7%) of them from without-astragalus group (P=0.03). Furthermore, the levels of cardiac injury biomarkers, renal function and left ventricular ejection fraction of astragalus group were significantly improved compared with those of without-astragalus group at discharge (all
P
< .05).
Middle-aged people were also prone to AFM. And cardiac shock was the most common, while acute pericardial tamponade was a rare presentation in non-pediatric AFM patients. Astragalus was a potential adjuvant medicine for the treatment of AFM.
The development of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is accompanied by a series of metabolic disorders, resulting in myocardial remodeling or exacerbation, while the mechanism remains not completely clear. This study was to find out the key metabolism-related genes involved in the onset of DCM, providing new insight into the pathogenesis of this disease. The datasets of GSE57338, GSE116250, and GSE5406 associated with hearts of patients with DCM were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. GSE57338 was analyzed to screen out metabolism-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs), while GSE116250 and GSE5406 were utilized to verify the optimal genes through R software. Support vector machine recursive feature elimination algorithm and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator algorithm were used to determine key genes. Finally, 6 of 39 metabolism-related DEGs were screened out and identified as the optimal genes. After quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) validation performed on the samples drawn from the left ventricles of human hearts, it showed that only the expression of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase-like (OGDHL) increased while PLA2G2 decreased significantly in patients with DCM compared with non-failing donors, respectively. Furthermore, the higher OGDHL protein expression, except the change of PLA2G2, was also found in DCM hearts, and its mRNA expression was negatively correlated with myocardial Masson’s scores (r = –0.84, P = 0.009) and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDd; r = –0.82, P = 0.014), which might be regulated by miR-3925-5p through further bioinformatics prediction and qRT-PCR verification. The data then suggested that the metabolism-related gene OGDHL was associated with myocardial fibrosis of DCM and probably a biomarker for myocardial remodeling in patients with DCM.
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