Background
To study the antidiabetic effects and mechanisms of the fenugreek extracts in streptozotocin (
STZ
)‐induced type 2 diabetic (T2
DM
) mice fed a high‐fat diet (
HFD
).
Methods
We established C57
BL
/6J mice model of T2
DM
using
HFD
‐fed and
STZ
‐induced method. Then, the mice were administered with two types of fenugreek extracts (E1, flavonoid and E2, stilbene glycoside) for 4 weeks and the effects on fasting blood glucose (
FBG
), weight, superoxide dismutase (
SOD
), catalase (
CAT
), malondialdehyde (
MDA
), and pathological indexes were investigated.
Results
Administration of fenugreek extracts decreased the
FBG
level compared with that of the model group. Comparatively, the high‐dose E2 decreased the
FBG
more significantly than the other treatments did. Both extracts showed an obvious antioxidant effect by increasing serum
SOD
and
CAT
activities and decreasing the
MDA
content. Furthermore, the high‐dose E1 showed a significant difference (
P
< .01) compared with the model group in the three investigated indexes.
Conclusion
Our study demonstrated that both the flavonoid and stilbene glycoside extracts of fenugreek improved the hyperglycemia in the T2
DM
mice model. Moreover, the antidiabetic effects of both extracts might be due to their antioxidant activity in vivo.
Background:Gentiana siphonantha Maxim. is a traditional medicine for the treatment of rheumarthritis, icterepatitis, pain and hypertension; it is rich in gentiopicroside with anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and free radical-scavenging activities. This study was to evaluate the antidermatophyte activity of G. siphonantha on a guinea pig model in vitro and in vivo. Material andMethods: The antidermatophyte activities of 10 plants were tested by the broth microdilution method. Fractions and an extract of G. siphonantha were tested against Trichophyton mentagrophytes by the disc diffusion method. The morphological changes of T. mentagrophytes were observed. Component analysis of the n-butanol (n-BuOH) fraction was made by HPLC. Finally, the antifungal activity in an in vivo guinea pig model of dermatophytosis was examined. Results:G. siphonantha had strong antidermatophyte activity with MIC50 values of 32-64 μg/mL. The n-BuOH fraction of G. siphonantha showed the most potent activity compared to the other fractions. After being exposed to the n-BuOH fraction at 80 and 160 μg/mL, the hyphae were distorted and collapsed. Gentiopicroside is the main active ingredient in the n-BuOH fraction of G. siphonantha. The lesion scores of the guinea pig model of dermatophytosis significantly declined in the 10% and 30% extract and positive control groups in comparison with the untreated control group. Periodic acid-Schiff and hematoxylin/eosin staining displayed similar results. Conclusion: The n-BuOH fraction of G. siphonantha demonstrated antidermatophyte efficacy in experimental dermatophytosis.
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