A new efficient Ag-catalyed cascade cycloisomerization/aerobic oxidation reaction of a Ugi-azide adduct for the preparation of 3-acylpyrroles using molecular oxygen as the terminal oxidant has been developed. A series of 2-tetrazolyl-substituted 3-acylpyrroles were obtained in 62-89% yields from readily available enynals 1, primary amines 2, isocyanides 3, and trimethylsilyl azide 4 in the presence of a catalytic amount of AgNO and DMAP under an O atmosphere.

A new one-pot and divergent synthesis of multisubstituted quinolin-2(1H)-ones and oxireno[2,3-c]quinolin-2(1aH,3H,7bH)-ones via sequential Ugi/Knoevenagel condensation/hydrolysis and Ugi/ Corey-Chaykovsky epoxidation reaction was developed. The four-component reactions of 2-acylanilines, aldehydes, (carboxymethyl)(dimethyl)sulfonium bromides...

A new one-pot preparation of dibenzo[b,e]azepin-6(11H)-one by a sequential Ugi-4CR and sulfur ylide-mediated rearrangement reaction has been developed. A series of polysubstituted dibenzo[b,e]azepin-6(11H)-ones were obtained in 69-84 % yields from readily available sulfonium salts, 2-aminophenyl ketones, aldehydes and isocyanides in the presence of DBU.

Raw bio-oil was pretreated and tested for hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) using three types of the commercial catalysts (HT-36, HT2300, and HT951T) to improve physio-chemical properties and enhance hydrocarbon yields. The three catalysts prompted different levels of hydrodeoxygenation, and the organic phase products (OLPs) yields were 25.30, 27.83, and 13.05 wt%, respectively. Moreover, OLPs had lower water content, total acid numbers (TAN), and O content as well as higher heating value (HHV), C, and H contents. For the three catalysts, HT-36 had the best HDO effects, resulting in 34.8% hydrocarbon production with improved HHV, water content value and TAN as well as element contents. The different level of HDO depended on the catalyst components, structure, and morphology. This research is beneficial for the selection and preparation of effective catalysts for bio-oil upgrading.

The aim of this research is to design and synthesize an efficient catalyst to enhance high value-added products, such as aromatic hydrocarbons and phenols, from the catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) of different types of forestry and agricultural residues. All three biomasses (rape straw, wheat straw, and bamboo powder) had no aromatic production via thermal pyrolysis alone; however, the aromatic selectivity and monocyclic aromatic selectivity were largely enhanced using ZSM-5, with suitable silica-alumina ratios and Ni loadings. Specifically, for rape straw, the optimum catalyst was 15 wt.% Ni/ZSM-5 (silica-aluminum ratios = 85), and the selectivity of aromatic hydrocarbons was achieved at 39%, of which 71% were monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. For wheat straw, the optimum catalyst was 10 wt.% Ni/ZSM-5 (silica-aluminum ratios = 18), and the selectivity of aromatic hydrocarbons was 67%, of which 55% were monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. For bamboo powder, the optimum catalyst was 10 wt.% Ni/ZSM-5 (silica-aluminum ratios = 18), and the selectivity of aromatic hydrocarbons was achieved at 21%, of which 80% were monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Meanwhile, biomass types have significant effects on the pyrolyzed product distribution due to their different components. Cellulose and hemicellulose promoted the production of aromatic hydrocarbons, while lignin enhanced the production of phenols. The promotion of phenol by Ni was better and more efficient than that by the molecular sieve.

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Hydrodeoxygenation is an essential process for producing liquid transportation fuels. In this study, the effects of CoMo/γ-Al2O3 catalysts form and loading ratio on the hydrodeoxygenation upgrading of bio-oil were investigated in a batch reactor. Raw bio-oil was first oxidized with hydrogen peroxides and oxone to obtain the oxidized bio-oil with reduced levels of aldehydes and ketones, increasing the organic liquid yield during hydrodeoxygenation by suppressing the coke formation. CoMo/γ-Al2O3 was selected as the catalyst because of its low cost and commercial availability. The effect of the reduction and sulfidation of CoMo/γ-Al2O3 catalyst on the hydrodeoxygenation of the oxidized bio-oil was compared. The effect of the catalyst loading ratio on bio-oil hydrodeoxygenation using sulfided CoMo/γ-Al2O3 catalysts was also investigated. The research results showed that the sulfided CoMo/γ-Al2O3 catalyst facilitated the formation of hydrocarbons, while the reduced CoMo/γ-Al2O3 catalyst produced more phenols in the organic liquids. Moreover, a high sulfided catalyst loading ratio promoted the formation of hydrocarbons.