MADS-box is a critical transcription factor regulating the development of floral organs and plays essential roles in the growth and development of floral transformation, flower meristem determination, the development of male and female gametophytes, and fruit development. In this study, 36 MIKC-type MADS-box genes were identified in the ‘Taishanhong’ pomegranate genome. By utilizing phylogenetic analysis, 36 genes were divided into 14 subfamilies. Bioinformatics methods were used to analyze the gene structure, conserved motifs, cis-acting elements, and the protein interaction networks of the MIKC-type MADS-box family members in pomegranate, and their expressions pattern in different tissues of pomegranate were analyzed. Tissue-specific expression analysis revealed that the E-class genes (PgMADS03, PgMADS21, and PgMADS27) were highly expressed in floral tissues, while PgMADS29 was not expressed in all tissues, indicating that the functions of the E-class genes were differentiated. PgMADS15 of the C/D-class was the key gene in the development network of pomegranate flower organs, suggesting that PgMADS15 might play an essential role in the peel and inner seed coat development of pomegranate. The results in this study will provide a reference for the classification, cloning, and functional research of pomegranate MADS-box genes.
The three-amino-acid-loop-extension (TALE) gene family is a pivotal transcription factor that regulates the development of flower organs, flower meristem formation, organ morphogenesis and fruit development. A total of 17 genes of pomegranate TALE family were identified and analyzed in pomegranate via bioinformatics methods, which provided a theoretical basis for the functional research and utilization of pomegranate TALE family genes. The results showed that the PgTALE family genes were divided into eight subfamilies (KNOX-Ⅰ, KNOX-Ⅱ, KNOX-Ⅲ, BELL-Ⅰ, BELL-Ⅱ, BELL-Ⅲ, BELL-Ⅳ, and BELL-Ⅴ). All PgTALEs had a KNOX domain or a BELL domain, and their structures were conservative. The 1500 bp promoter sequence had multiple cis-elements in response to hormones (auxin, gibberellin) and abiotic stress, indicating that most of PgTALE were involved in the growth and development of pomegranates and stress. Function prediction and protein-protein network analysis showed that PgTALE may participate in regulating the development of apical meristems, flowers, carpels, and ovules. Analysis of gene expression patterns showed that the pomegranate TALE gene family had a particular tissue expression specificity. In conclusion, the knowledge of the TALE gene gained in pomegranate may be applied to other fruit as well.
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