Objective. To study the changes in gait characteristics of stroke patients with foot drop after the combination treatment of foot drop stimulator and moving treadmill training and thus provide a basis for the improvement in a foot drop gait after stroke. Methods. Sixty patients with hemiplegia and foot drop caused by stroke were randomly divided into two groups of 30: the test group and the control group. Both groups received basic rehabilitation training. On this basis, the test group received the combination treatment of foot drop stimulator and moving treadmill training. The control group received foot drop stimulator training. Both groups received consecutive treatment for 3 weeks, five times a week, and every single time lasted for 30 minutes. Before and after the treatment, a gait watch three-dimensional gait analysis system was used to measure and record the maximum angles of flexion of the affected side’s hip, knee, and ankle; the pace; the step length asymmetry; the iEMG of the tibialis anterior muscle; the functional ambulation category; and Ashworth’s modified spasticity classification of the gastrocnemius. Results. After treatment, in the two groups, the maximum angles of flexion of the affected side’s hip, knee, and ankle improved, the pace increased, the step length asymmetry decreased, the iEMG of the tibialis anterior muscle increased, the functional ambulation category improved, and Ashworth’s modified spasticity classification of the gastrocnemius decreased, but the above changes in the test group were better than those in the control group. The difference is statistically significant ( p < 0.05 ). Conclusions. The combination treatment of the foot drop stimulator and moving treadmill can significantly improve stroke patients’ foot gait and promote the normalization of hip flexion, knee flexion, and ankle flexion. It can increase the pace, significantly reduce the step length asymmetry, reduce the muscle tone of the gastrocnemius, and improve walking function.
Based on the low-rank nature of the matrix composed of grid measurement data and the sparse nature of the malicious attack matrix over a period of time, an inaccurate augmented Lagrangian multiplier method is used as a solution algorithm to construct a low-rank matrix recovery-based Fake data injection attack detection scheme. Based on the simulation results of the IEEE57-bus standard test system, the relationship between the false alarm probability PFA and the threshold τ, the relationship between the detection probability PD and the signal to attack ratio SAR, and the receiver characteristic curve (ROC) are analyzed in detail. Under the condition that the signal-to-noise ratio is 10dB and the false alarm probability is 5%, if the signal-to-attack ratio is less than 17dB, the detection probabilities of RPCA and PCA algorithms are 94% and 40%; if the signal-to-attack ratio is greater than 23dB, the detection probability of both Close to 0, it is no longer suitable for system monitoring. Compared to the PCA algorithm, the RPCA time performance is slightly worse, but it improves the detection probability and has a good detection effect when the signal-to-attack ratio is less than 17dB.
Infection treatment vaccine (ITV) can lead to sterile protection against malaria infection in mice and humans. However, parasite breakthrough is frequently observed post-challenge. The mechanism of rapid decline in protection after the last immunization is unclear. Herein, C57BL/6 mice were immunized with 10 3 , 10 5 , or 10 7 ITV thice at 14-day intervals. Mice were challenged with 10 3 parasites at 1, 3, and 6 months after last immunization and the protection was checked using blood smear. The phenotypes of B cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. The levels of serum cytokines were quantified using cytometric bead array. The 10 3 ITV vaccination group exhibited 100% protection at 1 month after last immunization, and the 10 5 group showed sterile protection at 3 months after last immunization. However, the 10 7 group showed only partial protection. Further, the protection declined to 16.7% at 6 months after last immunization in 10 5 and 10 7 groups, whereas it maintained for more than 60% in 10 3 group. The number of memory B cells (MBC) decreased along with the decline in protection. However, programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) expressed on MBCs did not show significant variation among the three groups. Interestingly, CD19 + CD1d hi CD5 hi B cells, defined as B10 cells, exhibited negative regulation with respect to protection. The numbers of CD19 + CD1d hi CD5 hi B cells in the 10 3 group at 1 months and in the 10 5 group at 3 months post-immunization were the lowest compared to those in the other groups. Moreover, the serum levels of interleukin 10 (IL-10) in these two groups were also significantly lower than those in other groups. We conclude that higher immunization dose may not lead to better protection with the malaria vaccine as CD19 + CD1d hi CD5 hi B cells can downregulate ITV protection against malaria via IL-10 secretion. These results could facilitate the design of an effective long-lasting malaria vaccine with the aim of maintaining MBC function.
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