The complete chloroplast (cp) genome of Caulerpa sertularioides f. longipes was first assembled and characterized using Illumina pair-end sequencing from the South China Sea. It is 133,626 bp long, with a GC content of 32.94%. In total, 92 genes were identified in the genome, and they consisted 60 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 30 tRNA genes, and 2 rRNA genes. Like other species in Caulerpa, the whole cp genome of C. sertularioides f. longipes did not demonstrate an obvious quadripartite structure. A total of 31 microsatellites (SSRs) were identified in the cp genome using MISA. A phylogenetic tree revealed that C. sertularioides f. longipes was closer to Caulerpa cupressoides, which further clarified the phylogenetic relationships of species in Caulerpa.
ARTICLE HISTORY
The complete mitochondrial genome of
Congrogadus subducens
is first presented in this study. The whole mitogenome is a closed circular molecule of 16,881 bp in size, including 13 protein-coding, 22 transfer RNA, 2 ribosomal RNA genes and a non-coding control region. The overall base composition of the mitochondrial DNA is 30.2% for A, 28.6% for T, 26.4% for C and 14.8% for G. The phylogenetic analysis conducted using 18 protein-coding genes showed that
C. subducens
was most closely related to the Pseudochromidae. This work will be useful for further research on species identification and evolutionary relationships within related species.
The velocity of water can cause differences in the growth of inhabitant fish, thereby functioning as an important aquatic environmental factor. In order to explore the response mechanism of Leopard Coralgrouper (Plectropomus leopardus) under different flow velocities, P. leopardus fish of the same sizes were fed in water characterized by three different flow rates (5 cm/s, 10 cm/s, and 20 cm/s) for 150 d, after which the differences in growth and the levels of liver oxidative stress kinase were analyzed. Additionally, potential underlying regulatory pathways were explored using comparative transcriptomic approaches. The results showed that in the feeding environment involving a flow rate of 10 cm/s, the weight increase of P. leopardus and its liver contents of glutathione peroxidase (GPX), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) were significantly higher than for the other two groups. After matching the comparative transcriptomic results between group pairs (5 cm/s and 10 cm/s, 5 cm/s and 20 cm/s, and 10 cm/s and 20 cm/s), a total of 225 common differential gene expressions were screened. The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that these genes were mainly involved in protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, the TGF-β signaling pathway, fatty acid metabolism, fatty acid synthesis, and other pathways. These results not only provide a theoretical basis for the selection of flow velocity in the culture environment of P. leopardus, but also reveal its potential means of adaption to different flow velocities.
The whole mitochondrial genome of the Slender Giant Moray Strophidon sathete (Hamilton, 1822) from the Hainan island was characterized using next-generation sequencing for the first time. The circular mitogenome of S. sathete is 16,568 bp, with 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes, and a D-loop region. The base composition is little biased (A, G, T, and C was 30.95%, 16.73%, 27.09%, and 25.23%, respectively) with A þ T contents of 58.04%. Among 13 PCGs, 12 PCGs use a normal ATG as the start codon except COX1 use GTG; four of them end with TAA or TAG, others terminate with an unusual stop codon. The phylogenetic tree showed that S. sathete was first clustered with Rhinomuraena quaesita and Gymnothorax minor, which further clarify the phylogenetic and evolution position of the genus Strophidon in the family Muraenidae.
The complete chloroplast genome of Caulerpa serrulata from South China Sea has been assembled and characterized for the first time. The circular chloroplast genome was 177,848 bp in length, with a GC content of 33.80%. It contained 117 genes, which included 78 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 2 ribosomal RNA genes. Like other species in Caulerpa, the chloroplast genome of C. serrulata did not demonstrate a typical quadripartite structure. A total of 35 microsatellites (SSRs) were identified in the genome using MISA. Phylogenetic analysis showed that C. serrulata was closer to Caulerpa cupressoides, which further clarified the phylogenetic relationships of species in Caulerpa.
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