Measurements: The large-scale wave pool used for the measurement is custom-made, with an external size of 120 cm × 100 cm × 100 cm and a fixed water depth of 60 cm. The size of the standard water tank used to explore different wave-producing methods was 160 cm × 40 cm × 40 cm and the water depth was 18 cm. The wave-producing pump model was Jiebao RW20. The IMU sensor model was BW-IMU500C. The sampling period of the experiment was 100 Hz, and the data were collected at 115 200 baud rate. All the test times were 20 min. At least three groups were measured in each experiment. The lengths of all the wires extended into the wave-producing tank were about 90 cm. The water wave strength and frequency were kept constant, except in the experiment involving different wave environments.
Long‐term ocean monitoring and sensing remain a great challenge for the lack of sustainable power sources. Herein, a coaxial hybrid energy harvester (CH‐EH) consisting of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) and electromagnetic generators (EMGs) is fabricated to charge lithium (Li)‐ion batteries through in situ water wave energy harvesting, enabling sustainable power supply. Triggered by mechanical motions, the TENGs and EMGs (connected in parallel) of CH‐EH move in the same phase at the same frequency through a shared‐bearing swing arm and generate high‐voltage, high‐current outputs after being rectified separately. At a wave frequency of 0.8 Hz and a wave height of 20 cm, the peak voltage and current are 194.09 V and 2.593 mA, respectively. After charging a 13.2 mF capacitor for approximately 7.5 min, the CH‐EH array successfully drives a thermometer with a Bluetooth module. Moreover, after charging a 22 mF capacitor for 33 min, the CH‐EH array successfully drives a radio‐frequency module to realize wireless transmission. Furthermore, a 35 mAh lithium battery is successfully charged by the designed circuit, and the fully charged lithium battery continuously powers a thermohygrometer for 13 h. Hence, the as‐designed CH‐EH has broad application prospects in long‐term ocean sensing and monitoring.
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