Branching is an important trait of plant development regulated by environmental signals. Phytochromes in Arabidopsis mediate branching in response to the changes in the red light:far-red light ratio (R:FR), the mechanisms of which are still elusive. Here it is shown that overexpression of CONSTANS-LIKE 7 (COL7) results in an abundant branching phenotype which could be efficiently suppressed by shade or a simulated shade environment (low R:FR). Moreover, col7 mutants develop shorter hypocotyls and COL7 overexpression lines develop longer hypocotyls in comparison with the wild type in low R:FR, indicating that COL7 acts as an enhancer of the shade avoidance response. In shade or transient low R:FR, transcriptional and post-transcriptional expression levels of COL7 are up-regulated and positively associated with rapid mRNA accumulation of PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 3-LIKE 1 (PIL1), a marker gene of shade avoidance syndrome (SAS). Taken together, the results suggest a dual role for COL7 which promotes branching in high R:FR conditions but enhances SAS in low R:FR conditions.
A series of polyaniline (PANI)-decorated
SnS2 nanoplates
(PANI/SnS2) were produced via a hydrothermal method followed
by a liquid–solid mixing. The PANI/SnS2 nanocomposites
were composed of amorphous PANI and hexagonal-phase SnS2 nanoplates. Infrared thermal images revealed that PANI had an excellent
near-infrared (NIR)-induced photothermal effect. Overall, the PANI/SnS2 nanocomposites showed better NIR-enhanced electrocatalytic
and photoelectrocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity than bare SnS2 nanoplates. The optimized 4% PANI/SnS2 (which
contained 4 wt % PANI) displayed the largest electrochemical double-layer
capacitance (C
dl) value (0.85 mF cm–2) and the lowest Tafel slope of 66 mV dec–1 in 0.5 M H2SO4 under NIR irradiation. It was
investigated and confirmed that the photothermal effect and the synergistic
effects between SnS2 and PANI heterostructure played important
roles in promoting electrocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic hydrogen
evolution processes.
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