There are a very limited number of reports studying on the dynamic response and injuries of pedestrian head in the scenarios with head hitting windshield. This study aims to investigate the significant factors that affect the dynamic response and injuries of pedestrian head through finite element-multi-body coupling simulations. Two finite element vehicle models and two multi-body pedestrian human models were used to build the coupling simulations. Orthogonal experimental design and analysis of variance were used for parameter combination and data analysis. This study demonstrated that the dynamic response of pedestrian head and HIC 15 were strongly associated with collision speed and pedestrian orientation. Vehicle type had a significant influence on the dynamic response of pedestrian head and HIC 15 , while there was no significant relationship between the dynamic response of pedestrian head and HIC 15 and the size of pedestrian human models. Collision speed, pedestrian orientation, and vehicle type should be prioritized over the other collision parameters in the study of head injury mechanism and reconstruction of vehiclepedestrian collisions in the scenarios with head hitting windshield.
To investigate the effect of collision parameters (impact area of hood, vehicle velocity, walking speed of pedestrian, pedestrian gait and pedestrian orientation) on the dynamics response and injury of pedestrian thorax by combining the merits of Finite Element (FE) method and analytical method of Multi-body (MB) system, the FE vehicle models and the MB pedestrian dummies were used to coupling simulations. The research shows that for collision situations of pedestrian thorax in contact with the hood and the lower part of the front windshield, the collision speed and pedestrian orientation were the two important parameters effecting the dynamic response and injury of pedestrian thorax. This result is of vital significance for the reconstruction of collisions and the mechanism of pedestrian thoracic injuries.
To investigate the influence of the pedestrian size and vehicle type on the dynamics response and injury of pedestrian thorax by combining the merits of Finite Element (FE) method and analytical method of Multi-body (MB) system, the FE vehicle models and the MB pedestrian dummies were used to coupling simulations. Our results show that the pedestrian dummy size had a significant influence on the thoracic maximum compression; the pedestrian dummy size had no significant influence on the peak value of thoracic linear velocity, peak value of thoracic linear acceleration, VC and thoracic 3ms acceleration. For 5% pedestrian dummy, the vehicle type had a significant influence on the thoracic maximum compression; the vehicle type had no significant influence on the peak value of thoracic linear velocity, peak value of thoracic linear acceleration, VC and thoracic 3ms acceleration. For 50% pedestrian dummy, the vehicle type had a significant influence on the peak value of thoracic linear velocity and thoracic maximum compression; the vehicle type had no significant influence on the peak value of thoracic linear acceleration, VC and thoracic 3ms acceleration. The conclusions of this study can be drawn: for collision situations of pedestrian thorax in contact with the hood and the lower part of front windshield, the vehicle type and pedestrian size might affect the thoracic dynamics; but they were not significant factors that affected the severity of pedestrian thoracic injury. This finding is of vital significance for the reconstruction of vehicle-pedestrian thorax collisions and the study on the thorax injuries.
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