There is a need to develop food processing technologies with enhanced antimicrobial capacity against foodborne pathogens. While considering the challenges of adequate inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms in different food matrices, the emerging technologies are also expected to be sustainable and have a minimum impact on food quality and nutrients. Synergistic combinations of food processing technologies and food‐grade compounds have a great potential to address these needs. During these combined treatments, food processes directly or indirectly interact with added chemicals, intensifying the overall antimicrobial effect. This review provides an overview of the combinations of different thermal or nonthermal processes with a variety of food‐grade compounds that show synergistic antimicrobial effect against pathogenic microorganisms in foods and model systems. Further, we summarize the underlying mechanisms for representative combined treatments that are responsible for the enhanced microbial inactivation. Finally, regulatory issues and challenges for further development and technical transfer of these new approaches at the industrial level are also discussed.
Background:
Glucosinolates (GLS) are important secondary metabolites in Cruciferae vegetables and herbs. Currently, the assays of total GLS determination are cumbersome (requiring acidic or enzymatic hydrolysis and addition of staining reagents), time-consuming, and indirect. High concentrations of inorganic salts are inevitably incorporated into the GLS products during separation. There is a need for a quantitative method for simple and rapid determination of total GLS after desalting process.
Methods:
A 96-well plates-based UV spectrophotometric method for determination of total GLS of Isatis indigotica roots was developed in the present study. The detection wavelength is set at 230 nm using quartz plates. This assay was validated using gluconapin and sinigrin as reference standards, and applied to determine the total GLS of I. indigotica roots prepared from five different desalting methods.
Results:
This assay is specific for total GLS prepared from I. indigotica roots, and it has acceptable accuracy (91.76–98.18% for quality control, and 95.59–102.52% for addition/recovery), precision (0.24–0.70% pooled RSD), reproducibility (0.31–1.84% RSD), and stability (0.24–1.45% RSD) over a 72-h period.
Conclusion:
The 96-well plates-based UV spectrophotometric assay is simple and accurate for high-throughput determination of total GLS.
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