With the increasing competition for spectrum resources, the technology of simultaneous transmit and receive (STAR) is attracting more and more attention. However, full digital aperture-level simultaneous transmit and receive (FD-ALSTAR) is difficult to implement in a large-scale array with high frequency and bandwidth due to its high hardware cost and high power consumption. Therefore, this paper combines FD-ALSTAR with hybrid beamforming technology and proposes two categories and four types of aperture-level simultaneous transmit and receive simplified structures based on hybrid beamforming to reduce the number of RF links (NRF), hardware cost, and operation power consumption. In view of the complexity of the hardware of the fully connected hybrid beamforming structure and the low amplitude and phase control accuracy of the partially connected hybrid beamforming structure, an aperture-level simultaneous transmit and receive simplified structure based on hybrid beamforming of switching network (HBF-SN-ALSTAR) is proposed, and the mathematical model is established. The simulation results show that the simplified structure proposed in this paper can effectively reduce the NRF and power consumption, increase system redundancy, and improve system reliability. In a 144 × 144 antenna array, under the condition that NRF = 16 of HBF-SN-ALSTAR, that is, 1/9 of the number of FD-ALSTAR RF links, the effective isotropic isolation (EII) of the system is only 17 dB less than that of the FD-ALSTAR. The experimental results fully prove the effectiveness of the simplified structure.
Aiming at the algorithm difficult optimization of the fully-connected hybrid precoding structure and the complex hardware implementation in millimeter wave multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, this paper proposes a novel hybrid precoding structure based on a switching network (SNHBP). The structure enables the dynamic grouping of the sub-arrays in three ways by switching the network, which can greatly reduce the hardware complexity, simplify the optimization algorithm, and avoid the performance degradation defect caused by a partially-connected structure. Through simulation of different antenna sizes and different numbers of RF chains, experimental results show that SNHBP can approach the performance of the full digital precoder. Under the condition of more than 2 RF chains, the difference between the unit structure and the full digital precoding is less than 0.13 dB. The spectral efficiency of the low-precision phase optimization algorithm is better than that of the partially-connected structure when the quantization bit of the phase shifter is 3. The feasibility of the three dynamic grouping schemes is verified, which is more beneficial to engineering implementation than the fully-connected structure.
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