ObjectivesDespite the vast quantity of research among Chinese female sex workers (FSWs) to address concerns regarding HIV/sexually transmitted infection (STI) risk, there is a paucity of research on issues of sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) and the missed opportunity for sexual and reproductive health (SRH) promotion among young FSWs. Our research aimed to assess the prevalence and correlates of SGBV among Chinese adolescent FSWs, and to explore SRH service utilisation.Design and methodsA cross-sectional study using a one-stage cluster sampling method was employed. A semistructured questionnaire was administered by trained peer educators or health workers. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to determine individual and structural correlates of SGBV.Setting and participantsBetween July and September 2012, 310 adolescent women aged 15–20 years, and who self-reported having received money or gifts in exchange for sex in the past 6 months were recruited and completed their interview in Kunming, Yunnan Province, China.ResultsFindings confirm the high prevalence of SGBV against adolescent FSWs in China, with 38% (118/310) of participants affected in the past year. Moreover, our study demonstrated the low uptake of public health services and high rates of prior unwanted pregnancy (52%; 61/118), abortion (53%; 63/118) and self-reported STI symptoms (84%; 99/118) in participants who were exposed to SGBV. Forced sexual debut was reported by nearly a quarter of FSWs (23%; 70/310) and was independently associated with having had a drug-using intimate partner and younger age (<17 years old) at first abortion. When controlling for potential confounders, having experienced SGBV was associated with frequent alcohol use, having self-reported symptoms of STI, having an intimate partner and having an intimate partner with illicit drug use.ConclusionsThis study calls for effective and integrated interventions addressing adolescent FSWs' vulnerability to SGBV and broader SRH consequences.
At present, dual-functional polymer composites possessing excellent thermal conductivity and high electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) are largely demanded in the synchronous thermal and EM wave management of advanced microelectronic devices. Herein, we report an annealed 3D expanded graphite (A-3D-EG) framework featuring highquality continuous carbon architectures that can serve as high-throughput phonon and electron transmission pathways to effectively elevate the thermal conductivity and EMI shielding performance of polymers. This framework is fabricated via hydrothermally treating the aqueous slurry containing EG and GO fillers, followed by freezing-drying and annealing treatment at 1600 °C for 2 h. As a result, the polydimethylsiloxane composite filled with A-3D-EG reveals an outstanding thermal conductivity of 12.95 Wm −1 K −1 and a high EMI SE of 85.0 dB at a low filler content of 31.9 wt %. This work demonstrates that A-3D-EG has enormous utilization potential in fabricating polymer composites simultaneously with high thermal conductivity and outstanding EMI shielding capability, which can be utilized in aerospace, telecommunications, and mobile electronic devices.
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