A new type of in-situ composite nano-multilayer plate with ultra-high strength (b 2112 MPa), Q235 steel plate with nano-layered structure of lath martensite produced by severe cold-rolling, was developed. After cold-rolling, subsequent annealing has great effect on the deformed lath morphology and grain refinement. Microstructure recrystallizing course have taken place after long time annealing at 350 °C. The recrystallization activation energy is 151 kJmol-1. Microstructure characteristics along rolling direction arrangement was decreased after annealing at 400 °C. In addition to the ultrafine ferrite grains, nano-carbides precipitated uniformly in the specimen annealed at 500 °C. Annealing at and above 600 °C resulted in coarse ferrite grains with spheroidized coarse carbides, causing grain growth. The average crystal size is about 4.7 m after annealing for 60 min at 600 °C.
An ultrafine microduplex structure was successfully produced through equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) at ambient temperature. According to the morphological characteristics of cementite lamellas, the deformed pearlite consists of shear break lamella, locally thinned lamella and irregularly bent lamella. The proportion of locally thinned lamella and irregularly bent lamella has increased with the pass number of ECAP. In addition, the deformed pearlitic ferrite became a supersaturated solid solution of carbon due to the partial dissolution of cementite during ECAP.
In this paper, Q235 steel was investigated in order to manufacturing ultra-high strength material. The process of severe cold-rolling and low temperature annealing of lath martensite effectively reduced the crystal size from about 300 nm to 20 nm, and introduced mass weak interfaces in steel, has been demonstrated a new promising technique for producing in-situ composite multi-nanolayer steel with ultra-high strength (b 2112 MPa). Cold rolling and subsequent annealing have great impact on microstructure evolution as well as material mechanical properties. In the as-rolled state, the strength is approximately four times increased than as-received material (hot-rolled state, b 515 MPa), which is attributed to work hardening and grain refining during cold rolling. As the cold-rolled sample subjected to further annealing below 500 , deformed microstructure underwent further recovery and recrystallization, finally became refined equiaxed grains, microstructure characteristics along rolling direction arrangement was decreased; In addition to ultrafine ferrite grains, nano-carbides precipitated uniformly in the specimen annealed at 500 , total elongation increased to 16%, the corresponding yield strength was 1208MPa, much higher than that of as-received samples. The phenomenon of fracture delamination was observed from the specimens, which were cold-rolled and annealed at 500 , and the delamination plane was parallel to the rolling plane. In-situ composite weak interfaces effect has great impact on the fracture surface.
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