In this study, we determined the neuroprotective effect of aucubin on diabetes and diabetic encephalopathy. With the exception of the control group, all rats received intraperitoneal injections of streptozotocin (STZ; 60 mg/kg) to induce type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM). Aucubin (1, 5, 10 mg/kg ip) was used after induction of DM (immediately) and diabetic encephalopathy (65 days after the induction of diabetes). The diabetic encephalopathy treatment groups were divided into short-term and long-term treatment groups. Treatment responses to all parameters were examined (body weight, plasma glucose, Y-maze error rates and proportion of apoptotic cells). In diabetic rats, aucubin controlled blood glucose levels effectively, prevented complications, and improved the quality of life of diabetic rats. In diabetic encephalopathy, aucubin significantly rescued neurons in the hippocampal CA1 subfield and reduced working errors during behavioral testing. The significant neuroprotective effect of aucubin could be seen not only in the short term (15 days) but also in the long term (45 days), which was a highly encouraging finding. These data suggest that aucubin may be a potential neuroprotective agent.
In this study, the effect of aucubin on H(2)O(2)-induced apoptosis was studied by using a rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cell line. We have analyzed the apoptosis of H(2)O(2)-induced PC12 cells, H(2)O(2)-induced apoptosis appeared to correlate with lower Bcl-2 expression, higher Bax expression and sequential activation of caspase-3 leading to cleavage of poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP). Aucubin not only inhibited lower Bcl-2 expression, high Bax expression, but also modulated caspase-3 activation, PARP cleavage, and eventually protected against H(2)O(2)-induced apoptosis. These results indicated that aucubin can obstruct H(2)O(2)-induced apoptosis by regulating of the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax, as well as suppression of caspases cascade activation.
Chiral recognition as an intrinsic process of life, plays a crucial role in chemical systems, and further forms various architectures in the resulted functional materials. So far, relevant studies were focused on the recognition of chiral molecules. However, weak chiral interactions transformed into macroscopic recognition, for example, for chiral drug droplets, is much more crucial due to its applicability in controlling the drugs' selective delivery and for their enantiomer separation. In this report, chiral calix[4]arene was introduced onto a surface for the selective recognition of (S)-naproxen droplet through host-guest interactions.
Phenol is considered as one of the most important pollutants in the water environment, and thus its detection plays a cardinal role in environmental assessment and treatment.
Tumescenamide A (1), isolated from Streptomyces tumescens YM23-20, consists of a cyclic depsipeptide and a side-chain 2,4-dimethylheptanoate (Dmh). Herein, we report the first total synthesis of tumescenamide A (1) and...
By taking a pneumatic eccentric grinder and round sandpapers as research objects, the modeling method is proposed to accurately predict the surface roughness of robotic sanding carbon fiber reinforced plastic parts. A four-factor, the four-level orthogonal experiment was conducted which took four process parameters into account: pressing force, feeding speed, grit size, and supply air pressure. The multiple linear regression analysis method was then applied to create a roughness prediction model. Furthermore, accuracy validation results show that the model’s prediction error is within ±9%.
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