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Modular construction brings improved safety and mitigates risks of hazard and injury. However, modular construction technology is also challenged with a degree of uncertainty resulting from such internal and external factors as engineering, occupational, cultural, socio-economic, and financial. Since modular construction is by nature distinct from conventional construction, existing risk management research for onsite construction cannot be directly applied to modular construction. This paper describes research on the risk management associated with modular construction, focusing on: (1) identifying risk factors and (2) assessing the impacts of the identified risk factors on project cost and duration. The primary risk factors associated with modular construction are identified, and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is utilized to rank these factors; simulation techniques are employed to assess the risks of projects. The risk identification and ranking are evaluated by a focus group of experts from the modular construction industry; t-distribution and chi-squared distribution are applied to analyze the results. The case of a project in Edmonton, Canada is presented to illustrate application of the proposed methodology.

Despite the global context, only 6% of Australia's total energy consumption was derived from renewables, while 86.3% of electricity was generated from fossil fuels. However, this trend has been disrupted by the recent decommissioning and closure of a fleet of ageing coal power plantsgiven the country's international commitments to reduce fossil fuel emissions. Currently, Australia is at a crucial stage of its transition to renewable energy adoption. Against this prevailing contextual renewable energy generation infrastructure and how this investment may facilitate the national transition to renewable energy adoption. This research contributes to the existing body of knowledge by raising awareness of the current state of renewable energy in Australia, along with proposing pragmatic recommendations for overcoming any challenges posed. As a comprehensive reference, this study provides practitioners and policymakers with thorough, reliable and collated information on Australia's current renewable energy position.

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