In this paper, we propose a passive microwave sensor for detecting human body using microwave radiometer technologies. The proposed sensor detects human body by measuring the change of the received radiation power from fixed background object due to human body. A C-band microwave radiometer is designed and implemented. The received radiation power changes due to human body is measured by the C-band microwave radiometer, and the effectiveness of the proposed sensor is evaluated by the measurement result analysis.
than 0.24 and 0.25 dB, as shown in Figure 9. Accordingly, the optical power margins of the upstream channels in Case 2 and Case 3 are 8.02 (5 À 18.24 À 0.24 þ 21.5) and 4.37 (5 À 21.88 À 0.25 þ 21.5) dB, respectively.
CONCLUSIONSThis work develops a novel SRBA for WDM regional access networks with high capacity and excellent reliability. The delta-star structure on the top level markedly reduces the difficulty and expense in network deployment as compared with conventional star networks, whereas its weakness in reliability is overcome by the self-healing function of the middle-level ring network. In our design, the ring network is divided into several delta regions, where the traffic load inside each region is almost unified for minimizing the backup resources required in case of fiber break(s). Moreover, the special cell structure cooperated with the k-band scheme are introduced into the WDM access network to efficiently manage wavelength carriers used. The full-path protection capability of the proposed network is achieved with those APS systems installed in all the component ONUs. On the bottom level, the cascade of B-adaptors in each bus subnet enables easy signal regeneration; thereby, a large number of end users can be served. Finally, the transmission and recovery of the 1.25 Gb/s up/downstream signal flow under normal and protection networking modes have been experimentally demonstrated and characterized. The experimental results reveal that, in terms of reliability and flexibility, the proposed hybrid SRBA is a promising candidate for future high-capacity WDM access networks.
The development process of a L-Band microwave radiometer for remote sensing of soil-moisture are described in this paper. Achieving the development aim of the measurement accuracy within 2% for soil moisture content of 0~50%, the requirements and specifications of the microwave radiometer and its receiver are drawn. The receiver with high gain, high sensitivity is designed and implemented to satisfy these requirements and specifications. The receiver has the bandwidth of 40 MHz, the system gain of 50 dB and the sensitivity of average value 0.19 K, maximum value 0.313K at 1390 MHz.
The development processes of a L-band microwave radiometer for remote sensing of water surface salinity are described in this paper. Achieving the development aim of the measurement accuracy within 2 psu for water surface salinity of 0~40 psu, the requirements and specifications of the microwave radiometer and its receiver are drawn. The receiver with high gain, high sensitivity is designed and implemented to satisfy these requirements and specifications. The receiver has the bandwidth of 45 MHz, the system gain of 47 dB and the sensitivity of 0.41 K at 1,390 MHz. The effectiveness of the developed L-band microwave radiometer for remote sensing of water surface salinity is demonstrated experimentally. The results show the microwave radiometer can detect water surface salinity for 10~28 psu within the accuracy of 1.4 psu.
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