Integrating wind generation, photovoltaic power, and battery storage to form hybrid power systems has been recognized to be promising in renewable energy development. However, considering the system complexity and uncertainty of renewable energies, such as wind and solar types, it is difficult to obtain practical solutions for these systems. In this paper, optimal sizing for a wind/PV/battery system is realized by trade-offs between technical and economic factors. Firstly, the fuzzy -means clustering algorithm was modified with self-adapted parameters to extract useful information from historical data. Furthermore, the Markov model is combined to determine the chronological system states of natural resources and load. Finally, a power balance strategy is introduced to guide the optimization process with the genetic algorithm to establish the optimal configuration with minimized cost while guaranteeing reliability and environmental factors. A case of island hybrid power system is analyzed, and the simulation results are compared with the general FCM method and chronological method to validate the effectiveness of the mentioned method.
ICOMOS emphasised in the 2008 Québec Declaration that the 'Spirit of Place,' possessed by monuments and sites, must be preserved, the idea spread and promoted, and that digital technology should be extensively utilised. Xuejia Tzu-chi Temple in Taiwan, an ancestral temple that inherited the traditional belief of Bao Sheng Da Di ( , God of medicine) from Baijiao ( ), holds much religious significance and is crucial to the residents' spiritual sustenance and community. Among those objects preserved in this temple are the intricate Ye Wang's Koji potteries as well as various other precious cultural relics, making the palace an important research base for Taiwan's traditional arts. As such, religion, society, art and other elements coalesce to form the unique spirit of place of the Tzu-chi Temple. This study, under the principle of continuity in space, focuses on the temple square, corridors spanning different areas, the pantheon, and uses 'image-based interactive panoramic imaging technology' to capture a total of 45 spatial scenes, recording the overall spatial construct and the paths within which the space could move, completing the spirit of space of the object, and recording the track of space. Then setting this as the basis for establishing a recording of various activities of the humanities and for preserving the spirit of place of the Xuejia Tzu-chi Temple for future generations, we hope that the results of this study will provide various relevant types of digital recording for research on spatial construct in monuments.
The limited operational flexibility of combined heat and power (CHP) units is the main cause of wind power curtailment in the thermal-electrical power system of Northern China. Pumped hydrostorage (PHS), heat storage (HS), and electric boiler (EB) are investigated as three alternative options for the promotion of wind power integration. On the basis of two linear models that determine the capacities of these three facilities required for integrating the curtailed wind power, economic evaluation in terms of investment costs and environmental benefits is presented. Analysis results show that HS requires the least investment and has a good performance of coal saving when accommodating the same amount of curtailed wind power. And EB has the greatest potential for wind power integration with the huge growth of installed capacity of wind power in the future.
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