The relationship that New Zealand society has and wants in the future to have with its increasingly multi-cultural population remains ambivalent and for the most part unexplored. Yet as this paper reveals during the last two decades, a wide range of ethnic features has been added onto the traditional European (mainly British) culture, expanding Auckland's multicultural features significantly. This expansion has been largely fuelled by the Maori cultural resurgence during the 1980s and 1990s and by the large influx of recent Asian immigrants during the 1990s. Perhaps the most obvious sign of the expanding multi-cultural landscape is in the growth of the ethnic populations themselves, and in the number of ethnic restaurants operated by them. These restaurants, which include Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Thai, and Indian, have a significant presence in Auckland, representing more than 50 percent of the total number of restaurants in Auckland in 19992). The main aims of the present paper are firstly to comment on new Asian immigrants' residential patterns, and secondly to discuss their contribution to Auckland's growing multi-culturalism in conjunction with the growth of ethnic restaurants. In doing so, this paper will attempt to explain the different geographical concentrations of Chinese, Taiwanese, Korean, Filipino and Vietnamese people in Auckland. Finally I will discuss the role of their house as an 1) This paper has been developed from my introductory essay, "Coping with the maze" printed as Occasional Publications 28 and 34, Department of Geography, University of Auckland, 1995 and 1997. The current work also incorporates part of my earlier paper, "An Ethnogeography of East Asian Immigrants in Auckland", 18th NZ Geography Conference Proceedings, 1995: 339-341. I gratefully acknowledge the financial support given by the University of Auckland Research Fund (62490/F3420171) for this research.
Recent studies on the residential patterns of Asian immigrants in Pacific Rim countries have revealed a new form of suburban ethnic settlements – ethnoburbs. The geographic distribution of Koreans in Auckland indicates that an ethnoburb‐like concentration has been developed in this small but rapidly increasing population group: Koreans are residentially clustered but not isolated from other population groups in an absolute sense. Interestingly, however, the economic structure of this ethnic community is somewhat different from that of ethnoburbs observed in North American cities. Statistical analysis of ethnic‐specific business directories demonstrates that the economic structure within the Korean residential clusters in Auckland is dependent on the state of their home country's economy. In this regard, Korean businesses are more like economic satellites rather than independent economic entities in the transnational market, as observed in other suburban ethnic settlements. The residential clustering of Koreans in Auckland is an important example of how suburban ethnic settlements can vary in terms of their economic structures. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The employment experiences of recent Korean settlers in New Zealand are examined from both a macro and a micro perspective. The macro perspective is based on the analysis of census data. The micro perspective features a small longitudinal study of recent immigrants living in both Auckland and Hamilton -first interviewed between November 1995 and February 1996 and reinterviewed between June and August 1998. The Korean experience in New Zealand in the 1990's seems to differ from that of other earlier overseas Korean immigrants. Levels of self-employment are high amongst recent Korean settlers; many operating small ethnic businesses patronised by Koreans. Analysis suggests that much of this self-employment generates supplementary rather than primary income.
Place names serve a symbolic function in enforcing colonial power over landscapes. Within colonial locales, place names reproduce and reflect the ideological goals of settlers to reinforce or claim space for an individual, group or nation. One toponymically understudied colonial region where place names play a prominent role is the Antarctic, where the names of research bases promote the cultural power of settler nations to symbolically claim the continental landscape. As Antarctica is a geopolitically contested space, Antarctic research base names serve as an ideological purpose in reinforcing claims to the Antarctic, contrasting the ostensibly scientific purpose of research bases. This paper examines Antarctic research base names by categorising and interpreting their naming sources through a critical toponymic lens. This paper discusses general Antarctic naming trends and establishes possible reasons and outcomes of their employment, using three primary arguments: (1) Antarctic research base names are often nationalistic and reflect the implicit geopolitical goals of settler nations, (2) Antarctic research base names reflect and reproduce ongoing polar colonialism and (3) contestation over the naming of Antarctic research bases exemplifies the iconographical and cultural conflict between Antarctic nations. This paper seeks to provoke a future toponymic investigation into Antarctica and study Antarctic cultural landscapes more generally.
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