Pristimerin and celastrol isolated from the roots of Celastrus hypoleucus (Oliv) Warb f argutior Loes exhibited inhibitory effects against diverse phytopathogenic fungi. Pristimerin and celastrol were found to inhibit the mycelial growth of Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn and Glomerella cingulata (Stonem) Spauld & Schrenk in vitro by 83.6 and 62.6%, respectively, at 10 microg ml(-1). Pristimerin showed good preventive effect (96.7% at 100 microg ml(-1)) and curative effect (66.5% at 100 microg ml(-1)) against wheat powdery mildew in vivo. For celastrol, the preventive and curative effects against wheat powdery mildew were 80.5 and 45.4%, respectively, at 100 microg ml(-1).
A fungal pigment, hypocrellin D (1), together with three known perylenequinone derivatives hypocrellin A (2), B (3) and C (4), was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Shiraia bambusicola. Its structure was elucidated on the basis of spectral data including 2D NMR experiments. Hypocrellin D (1) significantly inhibited the growth of tumor cell lines Bel-7721, A-549 and Anip-973 with IC 50 values of 1.8, 8.8, 38.4 mg/ml, respectively.
Six new sesquiterpenes having the botryane carbon skeleton (1ϳ6), together with known compounds (7ϳ10) were induced and isolated from the ascomycete Daldinia concentrica (strain S 0318). Structures elucidation was accomplished by NMR spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic studies.
Daldinin A, B, C with a new skeleton, together with four known compounds, were induced and isolated from cultures of the ascomycete Daldinia concentrica. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis, and that of daldinin A was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
In the course of screening for novel naturally occurring fungicides from mushrooms in Yunnan province, China, the ethanol extract of the fruiting bodies of Albatrellus dispansus was found to show antifungal activity against plant pathogenic fungi. The active compound was isolated from the fruiting bodies of A. dispansus by bioassay-guided fractionation of the extract and identified as grifolin by IR, 1 H and 13 C NMR and mass spectral analysis. Its antifungal activities were evaluated in vitro against 9 plant pathogenic fungi and in vivo against the plant disease of Erysiphe graminis. In vitro, Sclerotinina sclerotiorum and Fusarium graminearum were the most sensitive fungi to grifolin, and their mycelial growth inhibition were 86.4 and 80.9% at 304.9 µm, respectively. Spore germination of F. graminearum, Gloeosporium fructigenum and Pyricularia oryzae was almost completely inhibited by 38.1 µm grifolin. In vivo, the curative effect of grifolin against E. graminis was 65.5% at 304.9 µm after 8 days.
Two new azulene pigments, 7-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-4-methylazulene-1-carbaldehyde (1) and 4-methyl-7-(1-methylethyl)azulene-1-carboxylic acid (2), were isolated from the fruiting bodies of the basidiomycete Lactarius hatsudake, together with one known azulene pigment (3). Their structures were determined by spectroscopic means (including 2D-NMR) and by HR-TOF-MS experiments.Introduction. -The mushrooms belonging to the genus Lactarius (family Russulaceae, Basidiomycotina) form a milky juice when their fruiting bodies are injured. In the great majority of Lactarius species, different kinds of sesquiterpenes play important biological roles, being responsible for the pungency and bitterness of the milky juice, and for changes in latex color when exposed to air.Lactarius hatsudake is an edible, slightly bitter mushroom widely distributed in China, Japan, Europe, and North America. Similar to L. deliciosus, the latex of the fruiting bodies is at the beginning orange-colored, but then slowly darkens (within minutes), and eventually turns blue-green when the fruiting bodies are cut or broken [1]. These colors in L. deliciosus have previously been shown to be due to guaiane sesquiterpenes. Lactaroviolin [2], the free dihydroazulene alcohol and its stearic acid ester [3], lactarazulene [4], and lactarofulvene [5] have been isolated from specimens of L. deliciosus in different areas of the world.During our search of bioactive metabolites of Lactarius and Russula species from Yunnan Province, China [6 -10], we recently isolated two new azulene pigments from the fruiting bodies of L. deliciosus [11]. Herein, we report the isolation and structure elucidation of two the new azulene pigments 1 and 2 from the fruiting bodies of L. hatsudake.
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A new cytotoxic lanostane triterpenoid, 24(E)-3b -hydroxylanosta-8,24-dien-26-al-21-oic acid (1), was isolated from the fruiting bodies of the mushroom Hebeloma versipelle. The structure was elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic studies including 2D NMR experiments. Compound 1 moderately inhibited the growth of several tumor cell lines (IC 50 10ϳ25.0 mg/ml).
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