Recently, all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) have made significant progress in terms of efficiency and performance. Using Y-series-based small-molecule acceptors, a new range of polymer acceptors for all-PSC has been developed. These synthesized polymer acceptors have a low band gap, broad absorption, and easily tunable energy levels, making them suitable n-type candidates for efficient all-PSCs. In this review, we summarize some molecular design and synthesis strategies used to advance the field of innovative materials and device engineering involving Y-series-based polymer acceptors to achieve a power conversion efficiency greater than 18% in all-PSCs.

YFe 1−x CoxO 3 (0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) perovskite-type nanomaterials were successfully synthesized by the chemical co-precipitation method via the hydrolysis of Y(III), Fe(III) and Co(II) cations in boiling water using 5 % aqueous KOH solution as a precipitating agent. Along with the increase of cobalt ion concentration (x values, from 0.1 to 0,5), there was an decrease in the crystallite size nanomaterials (from 25.68 to 22.89 nm), as well as in the lattice constants (a = 5.5781-5.5217Å; b = 5.2732-5.2177Å, c = 7.5902-7.5009Å; V = 223.26-216.11Å), but there was an increase in the magnetic parameters including coercive force (Hc = 88.86 Oe), remnant magnetization (Mr = 0.031-0.268 emu/g), saturation magnetization (Ms = 0.413-1.006 emu/g) and maximum energy product ((BH)max = 0.413-1.006 emu/g).

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Crosslinkable polymers have attracted tremendous attention in various fields of science and technology, owing to their potential utilization in applications requiring dimensional and morphological stability under thermal and mechanical stress. In this study, random terpolymers were successfully synthesized by introducing thiophene-based monomers bearing vinyl functional groups in the side-chain of the polymer donor (PBDBT-BV20 ) and polymer acceptor (N2200-TV10 ) structures. The physical properties of the blend films of PBDBT-BV20 and N2200-TV10 before and after thermal crosslinking were extensively investigated and compared to those of the homogeneous individual polymer films. The results revealed that a network polymer with donor and acceptor polymer chains, which can lock the internal morphology, could be achieved by inducing crosslinking between the vinyl groups in the mixed state of PBDBT-BV20 and N2200-TV10 . In addition, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the polymer solar cells (PSCs) containing the blend films that were crosslinked by a two-step thermal annealing process was improved. The enhanced PCE could be attributed to the individual crystallization of PBDBT-BV20 and N2200-TV10 in the blend phase at 120 °C and then thermal crosslinking at 140 °C. In addition, the PSCs with the crosslinked blend film exhibited an excellent shelf-life of over 1200 h and a thermally stable PCE. Furthermore, the crosslinked blend film exhibited excellent mechanical stability under bending stress in flexible PSCs using plastic substrates.

Silver nanowires (AgNWs) are one of the important flexible electrode material candidates that can replace brittle indium tin oxide (ITO). In this work, we demonstrated novel patterned sandwich-type AgNW-based transparent electrodes easily prepared using the photolithography method for application in flexible devices. A cross-linked underlayer was introduced to increase the adhesion properties between a poly­(ethylene terephthalate) substrate and AgNWs, and as a result, a uniform AgNW layer was easily deposited. Finally, the AgNW layer could be easily patterned by introducing a photocross-linkable upper layer without lift-off, dry transfer, and removal methods. A mixture of poly­(sodium-4-styrene sulfonate) (PSS–Na+) and 2,4-hexadiyne-1,6-diol (HDD), which is a component of the upper layer, exhibited good cross-linking properties as well as excellent adhesion to the AgNW layer. Through the above method, it was possible to easily fabricate a patterned electrode with smooth surface morphology. Moreover, AgNW-based patterned electrodes exhibit good optical and electrical properties (R s = 29.8 Ω/□, T 550 nm = 94.6%), making them suitable for optoelectronic devices. Flexible polymer solar cells (PSCs) using patterned AgNW electrodes showed a high power conversion efficiency of over 10%, which is comparable to that of PSCs using rigid ITO electrodes. In addition, the high mechanical stability of AgNW-based PSCs was confirmed by bending experiments.

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In addition to the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of polymer solar cells (PSCs), long-term stability is a critical requirement. In this study, a crosslinkable PM6-based polymer donor, PM6-X30, was developed...

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