Background Studies have shown differences in postoperative outcomes between two minimally invasive extraction methods for colorectal lesions-natural orifice specimen extraction surgery (NOSES) and conventional laparoscopic surgery (CLS). The aim of this study was to discover the major differences in NOSES and CLS to refine current practice. Methods Electronic databases were searched for articles comparing NOSES and CLS from inception till March 2020. Weighted mean differences (WMD) and odds ratio (OR) were estimated for continuous and dichotomous outcomes, respectively. Summary statistics were calculated using the DerSimonian and Laird random effects. Results Twenty-one studies (15 on malignant disease, 4 on benign disease, 2 on both) were included in this meta-analysis, totalling 2378 patients (1079 NOSE, 1299 CLS). NOSE was associated with decreased: intraoperative bleeding

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Purpose: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is common condition, affecting people of all ages and is mainly treated with parathyroidectomy. Cinacalcet has been widely used in secondary or tertiary hyperparathyroidism, but the use of cinacalcet in PHPT is less clear. Methods: Searches were conducted in Medline and Embase for cinacalcet use in PHPT from induction to 10th April 2020. Articles and conferences abstracts describing the use of cinacalcet for PHPT in prospective or retrospective cohorts and randomized controlled trials restricted to English Language only. We initially identified 1301 abstracts. Each article went extraction by two blinded authors on a structured proforma. Continuous outcomes were pooled with weight mean difference (WMD). Quality of included articles was assessed with Newcastle Ottwa Scale and Cochrane risk of Bias 2.0. Results: 28 articles were included. Normalization rate of serum calcium levels was reported at 90% (CI: 0.82 to 0.96). Serum levels of calcium and PTH levels were significantly reduced (calcium, WMD: 1.647 (CI: -1.922 to -1.371; PTH, WMD: -31.218, CI: -41.671 to -20.765) and phosphate levels significantly increased (WMD: 0.498, CI: 0.400 to 0.596) after cinacalcet therapy The higher the baseline calcium levels, the greater calcium reduction with cinacalcet treatment. Age and gender did not modify the effect of cinacalcet on serum calcium levels. Conclusion: The results from the meta-analysis support the use of cinacalcet as an alternative or bridging therapy to treat hypercalcemia in people with PHPT.

NODAT (new-onset diabetes after transplantation) is an important complication after liver transplant, however, there is variation in the reported incidence of NODAT. Therefore, a meta-analysis was performed to estimate the incidence of NODAT in liver transplant. Electronic databases were searched for articles regarding NODAT incidence after liver transplantation. Incidence of NODAT were analyzed at six different timepoints. Summary statistics were calculated using a generalized linear mixed model in random effects. 28 articles were included and out of a pooled population of 71,257 patients, overall incidence of NODAT was found to be 15.51%, 16.09%, 18.30%, 20.86%, 18.08%, 25.05% for three-months, six-months, one-year, three-year, five-year, and ten-year timepoints respectively. After a sensitivity analysis which only included articles with clear definitions of NODAT, the incidence of NODAT was found to be higher at three-year (21.79%), five-year (25.82%), and ten-year (44.95%) timepoints. Subgroup analysis according to ethnicity found no significant differences for all timepoints. However, studies with predominantly Asian participants generally had a higher incidence of NODAT. In conclusion, this meta-analysis provides a pooled estimate of the incidence of NODAT following liver transplantation. Further studies are required to provide a more comprehensive understanding on how ethnicity can affect the incidence of NODAT.

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