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Although cells firing at tremor frequency, called "tremor cells" (Guiot et al., 1962), have often been recorded in the thalamus of parkinsonian patients, the extent of correlation between these spike trains and tremor has rarely been assessed quantitatively. This paper describes spectral cross-correlation functions calculated between the activity of "tremor cells" and electromyogram (EMG) signals recorded from several muscles in the contralateral arm. The power occurring in the spike train at tremor frequency was described in absolute terms by the spike autopower, and in relation to the average for all spectral components by the spike autopower signal-to-noise ratio (spike autopower SNR). The probability of significant cross-correlation between the thalamic spike train and EMG at tremor frequency was assessed by the coherence at tremor frequency. Autopower spectra of the activity of many of these cells exhibited a concentration of power at tremor frequency, indicated by spike autopower SNRs as high as 18. Of the EMG signals studied, signals recorded from finger flexors were most often significantly correlated at tremor frequency. Significant correlation between the thalamic spike train and finger flexor EMG activity was found in 34% of cells analyzed. Tremor frequency coherence was significantly correlated with tremor frequency spike autopower (r = 0.46, p less than 0.0001) and spike autopower SNR (r = 0.533, p less than 0.0001). The proportion of cells with a spike autopower SNR greater than 2 that were significantly correlated with finger flexor EMG activity was greater than that of cells with a spike autopower SNR of less than 2 (p less than 0.001; chi-square). Therefore, cells exhibiting a large amount of power at tremor frequency were those best correlated with EMG activity during tremor. Some of these cells may be involved in the generation of tremor.

1. We explored the region of the principal sensory nucleus of thalamus (Vc) during stereotactic surgical procedures for treatment of patients with pain after spinal cord transection (n = 23). Receptive fields (RFs) of thalamic single neurons and locations of sensations evoked by stimulation (projected field, PF) were determined by standard methods. The cellular thalamic region where sensations were evoked at < 25 microA was termed the "region of Vc." The region of Vc in spinal patients was subdivided into different areas according to RF and PF locations. Areas that were distant from the representation of the anesthetic part of the body were termed "spinal control" areas, whereas those that were adjacent to or included in the representation of the area of absolute sensory loss were termed "border zone/anesthetic" areas. The region of Vc in movement disorder patients were termed the "control" area. 2. Border zone/anesthetic areas of thalamus often exhibited increased representations of the border of the anesthetic part of the body in comparison with the representation of the same parts of the body in control and spinal control areas. 3. In control and spinal control areas the locations of RFs and PFs were usually well matched. However, in border zone/anesthetic areas of the thalamus there was frequently a mismatch between the location of RFs and PFs (RF/PF mismatch). In border zone/anesthetic areas, RFs were often located on the border of the anesthetic part of the body whereas PFs were referred to anesthetic parts of the body. 4. Analysis of first- and higher-order properties of spontaneous neuronal activity revealed that spike trains could be classified into two groups with distinct patterns of activity. The R group (n = 49) was characterized by independence of sequential interspike intervals (ISIs), a Poisson distribution of ISIs, initially inhibitory or flat autocovariance function (acvf), and low level of high-frequency bursting. The O group (n = 26) was characterized by correlation of sequential ISIs, large sustained postspike facilitation on the acvf, and high prevalence of high-frequency bursting--all consistent with a bursting pattern of activity. A third group of spike trains (n = 17) had an initially inhibitory or flat acvf and a unimodal, positively shifted, ISI distribution that did not meet criteria for a Poisson distribution. 5. Spike trains in the R group were much more common in control and control spinal areas, whereas those in the O group were more common in border zone/anesthetic areas.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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During procedures for parkinsonian tremor, neurons in the thalamic ventral nuclear group show periodic activity at tremor frequency (tremor-frequency activity). The tremor-frequency activity of some cells is significantly correlated with tremor. Cells in this region also display functional properties defined by activity related to somatosensory stimuli and to active movement. Cells with activity related to somatosensory stimulation were termed sensory cells while those with activity related to active movement were termed voluntary cells. Cells with activity related to both somatosensory stimulation and active movement were termed combined cells. Those with activity related to neither somatosensory stimulation nor active movement were termed no-response cells. Combined, voluntary and no-response cells were located in the region of thalamus where a lesion stops tremor and anterior to the region where sensory cells were found. Spectral cross-correlation analysis demonstrated that many combined, voluntary and no-response cells had a peak of activity at tremor frequency which was significantly correlated with electromyogram (EMG). Analysis of the phase of thalamic activity relative to EMG activity indicated that voluntary and combined cell activity usually led EMG during tremor. These results suggest that thalamic cells unresponsive to somatosensory stimulation (voluntary and no-response cells) and those responsive to somatosensory stimulation (combined cells) are involved in the mechanism of parkinsonian tremor. The activity of sensory cells frequently lagged behind tremor while activity of combined cells often led tremor. This finding suggests that the activity of these two cell types, both responding to sensory input, is related to tremor by different mechanisms.