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ZnO nanoparticles were functionalized with amine groups and incorporated into a thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) membrane. Polycarbonate (PC) membranes were coated with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/ZnO-NH 2 solution using the dip-coating method. All prepared membranes were applied for the removal of humic acid (HA) in a submerged membrane system at vacuum transmembrane pressure (TMP) of 0.3 and 0.6 bar. Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images confirmed the formation of PVA/ZnO-NH 2 top layer on the PC support membrane. The addition of nanoparticles caused the hydrophilicity and surface roughness of TFN membranes to increase. HA filtration experiments revealed that at lower vacuum TMP, the TFN with 0.05 wt.% of ZnO-NH 2 nanoparticles showed higher permeate flux. However, at higher vacuum TMP permeate flux significantly decreased. HA rejection did not change with added nanoparticles. As a final result, when vacuum TMP increased from 0.3 to 0.6 bar, rejection of HA slightly increased from 98.3% to 99.1% and 98.3% to 99.3% for thin film composite and TFN with 0.05 wt.% of nanoparticles, respectively.

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For the rst time, thin lm nanocomposite membranes (TFN) were fabricated using polyamidoamine polymer nanostructures(PAMAM-G2) through the use of the dip-coating method that polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/PAMAM-G2 solution was applied to polycarbonate (PC) support membranes. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) con rmed the synthesis PAMAM dendritic structure. At vacuum trans-membrane pressures (TMP) of 0.4 and 0.6 bar, all fabricated membranes were utilized to remove humic acid (HA) from submerged membrane ltration. PVA/ PAMAM-G2 top active layer formed on the PC support membrane was veri ed by images obtained using eldemission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and attenuated total re ectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) equipment. FESEM images show that a PVA-PAMAM.G2 top layer with a thickness of 201.85 nm was developed on the PC support layer. TFN membranes' hydrophilicity and surface roughness increased and decreased respectively as a result of the incorporation of PAMAM-G2. The TFN with 0.1 weight percent of PAMAM-G2 nanostructures demonstrated increased permeation ux at lower vacuum TMP, according to the results of HA ltration. However, TMP permeate ow signi cantly decreased at higher vacuum conditions. The rejection rate for TFC membranes was about 97.9% while for TFN membranes in the presence of PAMAM-G2 polymeric nanostructure it reached 98.5%.