A survey of well-known molecular clouds in the four strongest HCO NK-,K+ = 1(01)-0(00) hyperfine transitions has been carried out to determine the prevalence of HCO and to study its chemistry. HCO emission was observed in seven molecular clouds. Three of these, NGC 2264, W49, and NGC 7538, were not previously known sources of HCO. In addition, NGC 2024 and Sgr B2 were mapped and shown to have extensive HCO emission. The survey results show the HCO abundance to be enhanced in H II-molecular cloud interface regions and support a correlation between C+ and HCO emission. The strength of the HCO emission in NGC 2024 is interpreted in terms of this enhancement and the source structure and proximity to Earth.
Eighteen intact ankles were loaded with inversion-eversion and anterior-posterior forces, and motions of the talus and calcaneus were measured. Ankles were tested in neutral, 15 degrees of dorsiflexion, and 15 degrees of plantar flexion. The anterior talofibular ligament was then sectioned and testing was repeated. In half the specimens the calcaneofibular ligament was also sectioned followed by repeat testing. The Evans, Watson-Jones, and Chrisman-Snook procedures were performed on each ankle and testing was repeated. With inversion-eversion loading, only the Chrisman-Snook reconstruction resulted in a significantly more stable ankle joint complex than in the anterior talofibular ligament cut ankles. All three reconstructions increased ankle stability over the anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligament cut state. With anterior-posterior loading, all reconstructions resulted in a significantly more stable ankle joint complex than the anterior talofibular ligament cut ankles. The Evans and Chrisman-Snook procedures resulted in more stability than the anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligament cut ankles. There was no difference in subtalar joint motion with inversion-eversion loading among ankles with the anterior talofibular ligament cut and those with any of the reconstructions. For the anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligament cut ankles, subtalar joint motion was similar to that in intact ankles after each reconstruction. All three reconstructions resulted in ankles with significantly less subtalar joint motion with anterior-posterior loading than ankles with the anterior talofibular ligament cut or with the anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments cut. The Chrisman-Snook procedure resulted in ankles with significantly less motion than intact ankles.
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