The implementation of water resource management faces some variety of complex problems in line with the increasing number of populations, accompanied by rapid social and economic growth. On the other hand, population growth makes the increasing need of water for various purposes and on the other hand it also creates exploitation of water resource. Water need is increasing along with the population growth as well as the increasing people’s living standard and economic growth. The high population growth rate will also be followed by urban water need hence a study of urban water quality is needed in the regency / city in South Kalimantan Province. The water turbidity in PDAM intake in rainy season is higher than in dry season. Water quality during dry season and rainy season can make good result after the water treatment in PDAM, compared to water sample from the intake tested mainly on turbidity and salinity component.
Regional development engineering in coastal areas, tidal land reclamation, delta area reclamation and port planning, tidal knowledge is very important. Tides mainly occur due to the gravitational forces of the moon, sun, and other planets. The influence of different gravitational forces can be predicted precisely because the rotation and revolutionary movements of the earth, moon, sun, and other planets take place with very high order. The tidal period every day is mainly determined by the rotation of the earth with a 24-hour period. Influence of the sun even though its attraction is only half that of the lunar pull, its influence should not be ignored As understood months around the earth with a period of about 29.5 days. When the position of the moon-earth-sun is in line, the tidal forces of the sun and moon strengthen each other. At that time spring tide occurred. Whereas if the sun-earth forms an angle of 90 degrees, then the minimum tides occur (neap tide). The two conditions are about 7 days old, according to the moon's revolution. Because of the influence of the inertia of the mass of water, the spring and neap tide occur between one and three days after these extreme conditions occur. In short-term studies often researchers take extreme conditions, namely during the tidal peak and peak tide (spring tide), because it does not require a long time compared to researching during a longer tide period. The research approach that will be carried out is whether the tide and peak peaks still occur 1-3 days after the full moon and the dead moon, whether there is a change in the height of the tide and ebb during a certain period due to global warming. As a result of global warming, it is also an effect on the water level of the Barito River. There was a decrease in the maximum water level which previously was around 3 m, now only around 2 m, the minimum water level previously around 2 m was now below 1 m. This will affect the hydrotopographic conditions of tidal swamp land, land that was previously type A can change to type B and so on. The highest tides on the Barito River often occur in the dead months, namely the 1st and 29th of the Hijri.
The year 2021 in Banjar Regency and several other regencies in South Kalimantan Province opened with floods disaster. High rainfall caused the river to overflow; one of the rivers that overflowed was the Martapura River in Banjar Regency. The flood in 2021 is not the first flood disaster to occur, but a floods disaster that has occurred frequently. This flood is a fairly large flood compared to the previous flood. The areas affected by the large flood in Banjar Regency are in the Districts of Sungai Tabuk, Martapura Kota, East Martapura, West Martapura, Astambul, Karang Intan, and Pengaron. The method used in this research is to analyze the hydro-meteorological using the rainfall-runoff model, and the anthropogenic factors in the flood events in Banjar Regency be approached by the value of the C coefficient. The hydro-meteorological factors as natural factors cannot be predicted. The extreme rainfall on January 14, 2021 as 255.3 mm is higher than 100-years return period as 244.716 mm. Its caused biggest flood disaster in January 2021. The anthropogenic factors caused by humans can be reduced. One of the anthropogenic factors that have the most impact on any flood event is land-use change. Land-use change causes rainwater that falls cannot infiltrate into the ground. One of the most common community activities is to close the yard and the drains so that rainwater does not have access to penetrate the ground. Second, the conversion of agricultural land, and swampland into residential and industrial areas. The third factor that is no less important is the role of the community in development that is not environmentally friendly, one of them by dredging for houses or other buildings. These three anthropogenic factors cause the C value to increase, and it increases the flood discharge.
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