Background The aim of this study was to determine some epidemiological aspects of motorcycle user traffic fatalities including the crash mechanisms and injury patterns in East Azerbaijan, Iran (2006-2016). Methods A total of 1840 motorcycle user mortal cases registered in East Azerbaijan forensic medicine database, in Iran, were analyzed over the time period between March 2006 and March 2016. The distribution and associations of both victim- and crash-related variables such as crash mechanism, types of involved vehicles, types of injuries, and demographic characteristics were investigated. Data were analyzed by Stata v.13 statistical software package. Results Of the 9435 RTI deaths, 1840 (19.5%) were motorcycle users of whom 96.5% were male (mean age of 32.3 ± 18.5 years). The majority of accident mechanisms were motorcycle-vehicle crashes (77.8%), followed by rollover (11.8%). Cars were the leading counterpart crash vehicle comprising about 34.8% of the motorcycle user mortalities. Inner city traffic injuries were the reason for 744 (40.7%) of the motorcycle user mortalities. Head trauma was the main cause of death. About 82% of the victims were motorcycle riders and the remainder were pillion passengers. A decreasing trend of fatal traffic accidents was observed over the study period for both the motorcycle user fatalities and other traffic injuries. The percentage of motorcycle mortalities over all traffic mortalities had a decreasing trend over the past nine years from March 2007 to March 2016 reaching a figure as low as 15.2% through the last year of study. Conclusions Motorcycle traffic fatalities, although having a decreasing trend during the last decade with a better slope than most other traffic injuries, remain to be a major public health in north-west of Iran. There is a need for effective interventional programs to reduce the burden of motorcycle fatalities.
PurposeThe aim of this study was to investigate the interobserver agreement of the Lenke and King classifications for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, and to compare the results of surgery performed based on classification of the scoliosis according to each of these classification systems.MethodsThe study was conducted in Shohada Hospital in Tabriz, Iran, between 2009 and 2010. First, a reliability assessment was undertaken to assess interobserver agreement of the Lenke and King classifications for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Second, postoperative efficacy and safety of surgery performed based on the Lenke and King classifications were compared. Kappa coefficients of agreement were calculated to assess the agreement. Outcomes were compared using bivariate tests and repeated measures analysis of variance.ResultsA low to moderate interobserver agreement was observed for the King classification; the Lenke classification yielded mostly high agreement coefficients. The outcome of surgery was not found to be substantially different between the two systems.ConclusionBased on the results, the Lenke classification method seems advantageous. This takes into consideration the Lenke classification’s priority in providing details of curvatures in different anatomical surfaces to explain precise intensity of scoliosis, that it has higher interobserver agreement scores, and also that it leads to noninferior postoperative results compared with the King classification method.
The aim of current study was to develop a valid and reliable short motorcycle riding behavior questionnaire (SMRBQ) and assess its interchangeability with the original 48-item tool. Through a psychometric study in Bukan district of Iran in 2015, the most recent available Persian version of the motorcycle riding behavior questionnaire (MRBQ) was used as a reference to develop its short version, the SMRBQ. The preliminary version was prepared through expert reviews, and its dimension was further reduced through principal component analysis (PCA). An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was then applied on the remaining items and the final version was developed with 23 items. The validity, consistency, agreement and interchangeability of the SMRBQ were assessed in parallel with the MRBQ using several statistical methods including Kendall’s Tau, intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), Bland-Altman plot and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis. All the 340 participants were males. The mean age of the participants was 30.2 (SD = 9.1). SMRBQ was developed including 23 items. The mean normalized score for the full version was 30.5 (SD = 11.2) and it was 30 (SD = 13.9) for the short version. There was a high correlation between the normalized scores of MRBQ and SMRBQ (Kendall’s Tau = 0.82). The ICC of the interchangeability of the full version and short version scales was as high as 0.92 (95% CI: 90.2–93.5). The scale had adequate internal consistency based on the calculated Cronbach’s alpha which was 0.85 for the scale. Bland-Altman and ROC curve analysis confirmed the interchangeability and criterion validity of the SMRBQ. The Persian version of SMRBQ was found to be a valid, reliable and feasible tool for assessing motorcycle riding behavior in the studied population.
Background: Osteoid osteoma is a painful bone tumor that usually affects long bones. The unusual location of osteoid osteoma is rare and may be misleading and misinterpreting the diagnosis. Objective: The objective of current study was to determine and explain the unusual cases of Osteoid osteoma found in atypical location (the coccyx, iliac bone, toe, vertebral body and scapula) of patients that were referred to our institution. Patients and Methods: We examined the imaging features: Plain Film, CT Scan, MRI, Scan isotope that could alert the radiologists toward a correct diagnosis. For reviewing the literature in the field, we extracted all publications indexed as a MeSH Major Topic of "osteoma, osteoid" in MEDLINE database via PubMed search engine throughout 2006-2015. We restricted our search to case reports. Results: We determined 5 patients with atypical location of osteoid osteoma in patients referred to our hospital during years 2014-2015. The literature review of osteoid osteoma in MEDLINE showed that, there have been only 134 rare case reports about osteoid osteoma which were published and indexed in MEDLINE during the last decade (2006-2015). The rarest of rare case reports for osteoid osteoma was in Maxilla, Nasal, Ribs, and Sarcrum. Conclusion: Analysis of our study concluded that the physicians should bear in mind, the probability of osteoid osteoma, when they are considering the chronic pain in the atypical areas of patients' body.
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