The purpose of this work is to optimize the feed containing alumina-binder nanoparticles for ceramics injection molding to create transparent alumina parts.In this research, two Alumina with and without MgO as sintering aid fabricated via the spark plasma sintering method. Feed fluidity, fracture toughness, density, IR, and visible transmission of SPSed bodies of the sintered pieces were measured. Furthermore, a pin on the disc test was used on the disk to examine the alumina friction coefficient. The results of feed rheology showed that the sample prepared at 90 • C had the best conditions as a pseudoplastic fluid for the ceramic injection molding (CIM) method. The results showed that a combination of CIM and spark plasma sintering (SPS) methods cause more visible transmission than conventional SPS of alumina nanopowder. Also, the fracture toughness and hardness of as-obtained transparent alumina were in the range of 3.6 MPa m 0.5 and 20.1 MPa, respectively. The wear rate of the as-obtained transparent sample (4.5 × 10 −7 mm 3 /N m) was proportional to the alumina grain size (1-4 μm).

For many years, there was much discrimination against women in the world in terms of social benefits, job opportunities, etc. In many cases, women received less for similar job than men did and in some cases, many important top management jobs were not even open for women. During the past few decades, there have been tremendous efforts on removing any discrimination laws and regulations against women. In this study, we present a study on convention on the elimination of all forms of discrimination against women (CEDAW) adopted in 1979 and discuss that it is possible to remove some barriers and regulations in Iran without violating Islamic rules and regulations. In fact, the present study explains that there are many rules and regulations, which are in accordance with CEDAW and in some cases there are better rules for women in Iran such as early age retirement plan, breastfeeding, etc. }

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