The mesenteric sclerosing processes are very rare tumors. There are only a few cases of mesenteric fibromatosis described in literature. A case of mesenteric histiocytosis or a mesenteric infiltration by histocytes as a reactive inflammatory process is not described in the surgical literature. Because of its clinical and macroscopic similarity to a fibromatosis or a reactive inflammatory process and a lack of articles in the literature on mesenteric histiocytosis we concentrated our research in literature on the mesenteric fibromatosis and its differential diagnosis. Key words: Mesenteric histiocytosis -Mesenteric fibromatosis -Infiltration of histiocytesDifferential diagnosisA 65-year-old man suffered from edema of in both legs, dyspnea, vomiting, and diffuse abdominal pain for 2 weeks. He was treated by his family doctor with diuretics and antiemetics without success. The patient was sent into our department for further diagnostics.The patient suffered from no other diseases. Except for a hip replacement the patient had not undergone other surgery.The physical examination revealed a patient in a good general condition-no cyanosis, no dyspnea. He had edema in both legs. The lymph node status was unremarkable. The cardiopulmonary status was normal. There was no abdominal defense. The upper left abdomen was light tender. He had normal peristalsis. The liver and spleen were normal size. There was no throbbing pain over the kidneys. The patient did not have any neurologic deficit.An electrocardiography showed normal findings. A cardiac ultrasound showed normal function and no valvular defects. There were no pericardial effusion. An X-ray of the chest did not show signs of pulmonary Reprint requests: K. Novak, MD, Department of general, visceral and thoracic surgery,
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