The current study aimed to investigate the potential protective role of boswellic acids (BAs) against doxorubicin- (DOX-) induced hepatotoxicity. Also, the possible mechanisms underlying this protection; antioxidant, as well as the modulatory effect on the Nrf2 transcription factor/hem oxygenase-1 (Nrf2/HO-1) pathway in liver tissues, was investigated. Animals were allocated to five groups: group 1: the saline control, group 2: the DOX group, animals received DOX (6 mg/kg, i.p.) weekly for a period of three weeks, and groups 3–5: animals received DOX (6 mg/kg, i.p.) weekly and received protective doses of BAs (125, 250, and 500 mg/kg/day). Treatment with BAs significantly improved the altered liver enzyme activities and oxidative stress markers. This was coupled with significant improvement in liver histopathological features. BAs increased the Nrf2 and HO-1 expression, which provided protection against DOX-induced oxidative insult. The present results demonstrated that BAs appear to scavenge ROS and inhibit lipid peroxidation and DNA damage of DOX-induced hepatotoxicity. The antioxidant efficacy of BAs might arise from its modulation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and thereby protected liver from DOX-induced oxidative injury.

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The current research was constructed to throw the light on the protective possibility of Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) and Spirulina platensis (S. platensis) versus lead acetate-prompted testicular dysfunction in male rats. Forty rats were classi ed into four groups; i) control, ii) rats received Lead acetate (30 mg/kg bw), iii) rats were concomitantly received Lead acetate and C. vulgaris (300 mg/Kg bw), vi) rats were simultaneously treated with Lead acetate and S. platensis (300 mg/Kg bw) via oral gavage for 8 weeks. Lead acetate promoted testicular injury as expressed with fall in reproductive organ weights, and gonadosomatic index (GSI). Spermatogenesis disruption is indicated by Sperm cell count reduction, and increased sperm malformation percentage. Steroidogenesis deterioration is evoked by minimized serum testosterone along with maximized follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) levels. Testicular oxidative, in ammatory, and apoptotic cascades are revealed by elevated Acid phosphatase (ACP) and Sorbitol Dehydrogenase (SDH) serum leakage, declined testicular total antioxidative capacity (TAC) with elevated total oxidative capacity (TOC), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), Caspase-3 levels, lessened androgen receptor (AR) expression, and histopathological lesions versus control. Our research highlights that C. vulgaris or S. platensis therapy can modulate lead acetate-promoted testicular dysfunction via antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-apoptotic potentials promoted testicular histoarchitecture, and androgen receptor restoration with better impacts to S. platensis comparing to C. vulgaris.

Beta actin 1Beta actin 2 Beta actin 3 Beta actin 4 Supplementary 2. Figure containing the original Western blot gels for the measured proteins.

Background: Although the studies of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs-mediated hepatic dysfunctions has been found to be of great interest to several literatures, a little is known about that of lornoxicam and its possible natural antioxidant herbal therapy.Objective: The present study aimed to delineate whether intramuscular injection with lornoxicam mediated liver oxidative stress and hepatic degeneration or not, with the same line in an attempt to develop new herbal therapy with basil oil and Moringa oleifera to screen their possible hepatoprotecive impacts.Methods: 28 adult male albino rats were divided into 4 groups; 7 rats per each. Control, lornoxicam-treated group: rats injected intramuscular with lornoxicam at a dose of 1.4 mg/kg/day. Lornoxicam+M. oleifera -treated group: rats daily exposed to co-administration of lornoxicam and aqueous leaves extract of M. oleifera (500 mg/100 gm b.w/day). Lornoxicam+basil oil-treated group: co-administration of lornoxicam and basil oil (3 ml/kg b.w/day). Results:After two weeks of experiment, our findings revealed that Lornoxicam significantly P<0.05 increased serum GPT, GOT and ALP decreased glutathione and antioxidant enzymes, Paraoxonase/arylesterase activity along with elevation in percentage of DNA fragmentation, sialic acid content, butyryl cholinesterase and myeloperoxidase activity. Meanwhile, Basil oil and M. oleifera increased antioxidants activity, decreased DNA fragmentation and down regulate caspase-3 expression. Both herbs showed relative hepatic architectural improvements against lornoxicam induced liver damage. Conclusion:Overall, this article summarizes recent knowledge on lornoxicam-induced hepatic damage and provides new insights into ameliorative role of basil oil and M. oleifera leaves.

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