Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) is a retrovirus that induces acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). HIV-1 targets CD4+ T cells, which are the most numerous white blood cells in the host immune system and play a crucial role in protecting the body from infection. The first case of HIV infection was identified in 1981 and since then HIV has become one of the most deadly infections in the world and has a devastating impact on human health and even life [1]. For a decade, it was thought that the spread of HIV-1 in hosts was primarily due to free circulation of virus particles, with a repeated process consisting of virus attachments to T cells. However recent studies have shown that the infection can also be passed directly from infected cells to susceptible cells.In order to gain a better understanding of virus dynamics within the host and to predict how antiviral treatment effectiveness will affect the course of an infection,
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