In this paper, the effects of Cr content and impact load on the microstructure and properties of High Manganese Steel (HMS) were investigated. The results show that the hardness of HMS was increasing when the Cr content increased, but the hardness was not much changing when the Cr contents changed from 2% to 2,5% of weight. Under the impact load, the microstructure and the hardness were changed also. The Cr content effected on the depth of transition layer on surface under the impact load and the twinning occurred during impacting load.
The crystallization process of hypoeutectic white cast iron consists of the first secreted austenite branch after the reaction of the austenite -carbide crystal is formed, and the phase crystal fills in the middle of the austenite branches. If the austenite branches are small and smooth, the crystals carbide are fine. The cast iron with 13% chromium which has 3 -3.2% carbon, have the carbide crystalline as M 7 C 3 . The elements in rare earth have a strong affinity for oxygen and sulfur to produce rare earth oxides. These rare earth oxides can create heterogeneous germ center for austenite phases and smooth down these phases. The effect of rare earth on the M 7 C 3 and crystals of 13% chrome white iron has been elucidated. Along with the increase of rare earth content, the microstructure of M 7 C 3 with fine finely graded, more uniformly distributed, dispersed throughout the sample surface. When the carbide is fine and dispersion, will contribute to improving the properties of cast iron especially the impact strength as well as the abrasion resistance of the alloy. The research results show that in the presence of rare earth, rare earth elements created with oxygen and form La 2 O 3 and Ce2O3 as the nucleation for the solidification process and create the small fineness of phases. The orientation of the crystal structure of these oxides is similar to the crystal structure orientation of Fe-γ phase. Finding and proving the oxides of rare earth has crystal structure with phase γ which will be small smooth exogenous minds that the microstructure has a smooth, small size.
In the case of plane deformation, the stress-strain of the workpiece can be calculated analytically with some simplifications without losing the generality of the problem. Numerical simulation by DEFORM software can be used to analyze most thermo-mechanical forming processes, and many heat treatment processes. The sequentially simulate each process that is to be applied to the workpiece of Constrained Grooved Pressing (CGP) plastic deformation process by finite element method allows to determine technological parameters such as pressure force, stress field, strain field and risk of failure or destruction. The stress-strain has been analyzed at the characteristic points of the plastic deformation region including on the surface, at the center of the workpiece and at the transition regions, the results are consistent with the theoretical study. The unique feature of CGP technology compared to other types of severe plastic deformation (SPD) is that the plastic deformation zone is not in a direct contact with the mold surface, but subjected to indirect forces, and has a small hydrostatic stress. The hydrostatic force and stress parameters only come into play at the end of the back elastic compression stroke. Through numerical simulation, it is possible to visually determine the state of stress and strain on the entire workpiece at all times of the stroke. Therefore, it is possible to determine the stress in the principle axis system.
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