Employing simultaneous information and power transfer (SWIPT) technology in cooperative relaying networks has drawn considerable attention from the research community. We can find several studies that focus on Rayleigh and Nakagami-m fading channels, which are used to model outdoor scenarios. Differing itself from several existing studies, this study is conducted in the context of indoor scenario modelled by log-normal fading channels. Specifically, we investigate a so-called hybrid time switching relaying (TSR)-power splitting relaying (PSR) protocol in an energy-constrained cooperative amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying network. We evaluate the system performance with outage probability (OP) by analytically expressing and simulating it with Monte Carlo method. The impact of power-splitting (PS), time-switching (TS) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) on the OP was as well investigated. Subsequently, the system performance of TSR, PSR and hybrid TSR-PSR schemes were compared. The simulation results are relatively accurate because they align well with the theory.

This manuscript investigates the system performance of hybrid wireless and power line communication networks for indoor Internet of Things applications. Differentiating itself from the existing literature, the performance of the direct link and dual-hop energy harvesting relay-aided links is analyzed under the condition of indoor fading modeled by log-normal distribution. Moreover, the manuscript presents the analytical expressions of the successful transmission probability of the deployed opportunistic decode-and-forward and amplify-and-forward relay selection scheme, and validates them with Monte Carlo simulations. Moreover, the impact of different system parameters on the successful transmission probability is revealed. For the considered hybrid system, in general, the opportunistic decode-and-forward relaying scheme outperforms the opportunistic amplify-and-forward relaying scheme. As importantly, increasing the source to relay distance and power splitting ratio over certain limits significantly deteriorates the system performance, indicated by the decrease in the successful transmission probability.

Most of the existing studies on energy harvesting (EH) cooperative relaying networks are conducted for the outdoor environments which are mainly characterized by Rayleigh fading channels. However, there are not as many studies that consider the indoor environments whereas the state-of-the-art internet of things (IoT) and smart city applications are built upon. Thus, in this paper, we analyze a namely hybrid time-power splitting relaying (HTPSR) protocol in a full-duplex (FD) decode-and-forward (DF) battery-energized relaying network in indoor scenarios modelled by the unpopular log-normal fading channels. Firstly, we formulate the analytical expression of the outage probability (OP) then the system throughput. Accordingly, we simulate the derived expressions with the Monte Carlo method. It is worth mentioning that in our work, the simulation and the theory agree well with each other. From the simulation results, we know how to compromise either the power splitting (PS) or the time splitting (TS) factors for optimizing the system performance.

Simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) has been utilized widely in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) to design systems that can be sustained by harvesting energy from the surrounding areas. In this study, we investigated the performance of the low-power energy harvesting (LPEH) WSN. We equipped each relay with a battery that consisted of an on/off (1/0) decision scheme according to the Markov property. In this context, an optimal loop interference relay selection was proposed and investigated. Moreover, the crucial role of the log-normal distribution method in characterizing the LPEH WSN’s constraints was proven and emphasized. System performance was evaluated in terms of the overall ergodic outage probability (OP) both analytically and numerically with Monte Carlo simulation. The system had the lowest overall ergodic OP, thus, performed the best with an energy harvesting time switch of 0.175. Following the increase in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the system without a direct link performed the worst. Furthermore, as more relays were deployed, the better the system performed. Finally, results showed that more than 80% of the data rates can be obtained under the household condition, without the need for extra bandwidth and power supply.

Simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) has been utilized widely in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) to design systems that can sustain themselves by harvesting energy from the surrounding areas. In this study, we investigated the performance of the so-called low-power energy harvesting (LPEH) WSN. Being different from other studies, we equipped each relay with a battery whose characteristics were described by an on/off (1/0) decision scheme as per the Markov property. In this context, an optimal loop interference relay selection (OPLIRS) was proposed and investigated. Moreover, the crucial role of the log-normal distribution method in characterizing the LPEH WSN’s constraints was proven and emphasized. The system performance was evaluated in terms of the overall ergodic outage probability (OP) both analytically and numerically with Monte Carlo simulation. Readers can refer to this paper for guidelines on defining the networks’ constraints, analytically derivating the problems, or use the presented results for possible comparison studies.