Poaceae-Bambusoideae), a new genus from Vietnam, is described and illustrated. It is based on the species Annamocalamus kontumensis H. N. Nguyen, N.-H. Xia & V. T. Tran. The new genus shares some morphological characters with Melocanna Trin. and Stapletonia Dash & al. but can be recognized by its shorter rhizome and the occurrence of pseudospikelets.
A clambering bamboo endemic to Braian mountain, southern Vietnam represents a new monotypic endemic genus, Cochinchinochloa H.N.Nguyen & V.T.Tran (Gramineae: Bambusoideae-Bambusinae), which is described and illustrated. Its culm nodes and the nodes of leafy branches exhibit a thick swollen patella, and in the reproductive state this taxon bears pseudospikelets having two perfect florets, with an elongated rachilla internode between the perfect florets, a rachilla extension bearing an imperfect floret at maturity, a narrowly 2-keeled palea with a distinct abaxial groove, three lodicules, six stamens, free filaments, a glabrous ovary with a long style and three stigmas, and an oblong caryopsis with a relatively thin pericarp.
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