Biogenic silver nanoparticles have been green-synthesized using the aqueous extract of shallot (Allium ascalonicum) as the reducing and stabilizer agents. The UV-vis spectrum of the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles showed a characteristic surface plasmon resonance peak at 414 nm, confirming the presence of silver nanoparticles. Also, the Central Composite Design under Response Surface Methodology had been applied to optimize the effects of independent factors such as the stirring time, extract volume, silver nitrate concentration, and the stirring rate on the response value that is the maximum absorbanc e of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles. The results showed that all variables contributed significantly to the biosynthesis of AgNPs. The R-square value of 0.9873 of the obtained model indicated a good correlation between the predicted and the observed values. Under the optimized conditions, the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles had their crystallite nature and the mean sizes of the biosynthesized AgNPs were 17 nm based on Scherrer equation. While, DLS measured the particles sizes of the AgNPs were 49.5 nm with the polydispersity index of 0.690. The SEM image revealed that the sharp of AgNPs was in the spherical forms. The chemical nature of the synthesized AgNPs was also characterized by using FT-IR.
<span lang="EN-US">The paper describes field oriented control strategy with space vector pulse width modulation technique of permanent magnet synchronous motor drive system for an electric vehicle. At first, mathematical models of the motor and the drive system for electric vehicle are presented. In order to obtain high performance drive and maximum motor torque, field oriented control strategy and space vector pulse width modulation technique method are applied to drive system in next section. Speed controller design utilizing the popular zero-pole elimination approach causes large integral constant time in case of small rotational damping constant. The desired-transient-response-based approach is employed to overcome the problem. Performance indices include overshoot, undershoot, steady-state speed error, and total harmonic distortion of stator current, are employed to assess the drive systems with two speed controller design methods. Theoretical assumptions are confirmed via simulations and criteria in MATLAB/Simulink environment.</span>
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.