Tóm tắt: Trên cơ sở nghiên cứu một số tài liệu thứ cấp liên quan đến thực hiện chính sách biến đổi khí hậu ở chính quyền địa phương của Trung Quốc, bài viết tiến hành tổng thuật lại cách thức mà Trung Quốc làm cho chính quyền địa phương trở thành một chủ thể không thể thiếu trong quá trình thực hiện chính sách này. Từ đó phân tích và rút ra những bài học kinh nghiệm cho Việt Nam. Bài viết đúc kết được bốn bài học. Thứ nhất là cần kết hợp cách tiếp cận từ dưới lên và từ trên xuống trong quy trình chính sách ứng phó biến đổi khí hậu. Thứ hai, chính quyền địa phương phải thật sự chuyển hoá, lồng ghép các mục tiêu về môi trường vào kế hoạch phát triển kinh tế-xã hội của địa phương mình. Thứ ba, xem trọng vai trò và tạo điều kiện cho tổ chức xã hội dân sự tham gia tích cực vào việc tương tác với chính quyền các cấp xuyên suốt quá trình chính sách ứng phó biến đổi khí hậu. Thứ tư, yếu tố tạo nên sự thành công trong việc thực hiện chính sách ứng phó biến đổi khí hậu là ý thức và quan niệm của địa phương và trung ương về môi trường.Từ khoá: Chính quyền địa phương, biến đổi khí hậu, Trung Quốc.Abstract: This paper applies desk research method with the use of available literature about China's Climate policy implementation at local government to review the vital role of local government in implementing this policy. The paper then analyses China's practices and draws four important lessons for Vietnam. Firstly, there is a need to combine top-down and bottom-up approaches in policy implementation. Secondly, the local government should focus on integrating the climate change response targets into its scio-economic development strategy and plans. Thirdly, it is necessary to raise the important roles of NGOs as well as generate favourable conditions for their effective interaction with local government during policy implementation. Fourthly, the awareness and perception of the local government about climate change is a crucial factor to ensure success of climate change policy implementation.
This article deals with the inadequacies in the policy on attracting human resources in science and technology, identifying and analyzing trends and main specific features in mobility of human resources in science and technology in the world, the experiences from other countries in mobilization and mobility of human resource. The article also provides analysis of causes of the mobility and recommendations for policies.
Eutrophication, which kills fish, mussels and other animals in aquatic ecosystem, is the response tothe excess of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients. In this study, activated carbon fiber prepared frompoly(acrilonitrile) PAN, a carbonaceous material of micro size with high specific area, has been evaluated tobe able to create microbiological membranes that could be used in the decomposition of nitrogen and phosphoruscompounds in wastewater with salinity up to 30 ppt. Utilization of carbon fiber in the sustainabletreatment of highly contaminated aquaculture wastewater with organic and inorganic pollutants was consideredas a promising application in Khanh Hoa province, Vietnam, with great treatment capacity, low system’sprice and implementation’s cost.
Background: Dengue fever (DF) is a life-threatening infectious disease, which was transmitted by the Aedes mosquito, the best preventive strategy is focusing on killing mosquitoes, larvae and preventing mosquito bites, based on the awareness of DF and correctly practicing of DF prevention in the community. A study in Malaysia (2011-2012) showed that lack of knowledge and ineffectiveness in practicing preventive measures could be a risk of DF. This study was commenced to assess the level of knowledge and practice towards DF prevention, besides identifying the Aedes larval indices of households in Hue city and investigate risk factors for the development of DF. Materials and method: We conducted a case-control study with a defined group of 61 DF cases from May 1 to October 31, 2019, the selection of cases and controls in the ratio of 1:2 with the same basic characteristics (age, gender, location); interview and observe based on the structured questionnaire to collect data, data was analysed using SPSS through a few statistical analyses. Results: We found that 39.3% participants in cases and 41.8% participants in controls having good knowledge regarding DF and only 26.2% participants in cases and 33.6% participants in controls having good practices of DF prevention. Aedes larvae indices of cases is higher than that of controls, there were no statistically significant differences in the house index from cases and controls (p>0.05). The risk factor analysis indicated that the job that spend less time at home more at risk of DF than the others (OR=2.79, 95%OR: 1.32-5.87), no use mosquitoes’ essential oil/repellent (OR=2.21, 95%OR: 1.04-4.68), the stable near house (OR=4.86, 95%OR: 1.21-19.51) were independent risk factors for the development of DF. Conclusion: A large number of participants didn’t demonstrate comprehensive knowledge and the right practice towards DF prevention, there were no statistically significant differences in the house index from cases and controls, there was a significant correlation between job, environment, use safeguard measures and a risk of DF. Key words: knowledge, practice, larval indices, dengue fever.
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