No abstract

No abstract

xiii cess that has reduced government involvement and created opportunities for economic activities within the private sector. Nevertheless, the outcomes in terms of levels of support show clear differences. Indonesia has provided the most consistent support for agriculture, particularly food crops. India has supported agriculture when world prices are low but has disprotected key grains, including rice and wheat, as well as agriculture overall, during many years. In these two economies, the reform process does not seem to have fundamentally changed the pattern of support levels observed over the period 1985-2002. China and Vietnam, in contrast, have transitioned from communist disprotection of agriculture to providing net support to the sector.

For many years agriculture has played an important role in supporting Vietnam’s economy. Despite the remarkable achievements, agricultural production in Vietnam is still self sufficient and the household income is not high as compared to the inherent capacity of the industry. Based on the Vietnam Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) database for 2007, 2012, and 2016, the study has measured the income multipliers for the agricultural sector. The research results show the importance of forestry for household income in the country, as well as the relative impact of fishery, crop production, livestock breeding, and agricultural services on household income in different regions during this period. Therefore, to ensure income growth for all household groups, it is necessary to focus on the development of forestry. If the policy goal is rural modernization or urbanization, the focus should be made on relevant sectors such as fishery, crop production, livestock breeding, and agricultural services.

Additive Manufacturing (AM) has been proven to be a significant development for production as well as become an attractive alternative manufacturing process compared with Subtractive Manufacturing (SM). This can be explained by the massive advantages of AM including mass customisation, less material wastage and ability to create prototypes. However, in order to make use of the AM process, firms, developers and designers require a virtual sharing platform, which can be used to trade designs and make the whole industry better off. This desire requires ways to protect the models and designs from digital thieves. Moreover, internal transactions of designs inside a single firm also require a significant level of security. So, this paper offers different ways of protecting both physical models and virtual designs. The solutions in this paper can be used to ensure the integrity of the physical products and virtual designs during different kinds of transactions.