Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy is effective for recurrent disc herniation in selected cases. The posterolateral approach through unscarred virgin tissue can prevent nerve injury and could preserve the spinal stability. Both foraminal and intracanalicular portions can be decompressed simultaneously.

Although rare (0.02%), seizure can occur in patients undergoing PELD, occurrence of neck pain is correlated with increase in cervical epidural pressure, which should be considered as prodromal sign and alert the surgeon. Duration of procedure and speed of infusion are associated risk factor.

No abstract

Percutaneous CT-guided aspiration is an effective method for the management of lumbar intervertebral discal cysts.

Figure 1: Operating room setting. a) The image modalities: CT (Somatom Sensation Open, Siemens) and C-arm (Arcadis Orbic isocentric C-arm, Siemens). b) Surgical tools and laser kit.