Background. The breast is rarely primary site for extranodal malignant lymphoma. Most reported primary non‐Hodgkin malignant lymphomas of the breast (PBL) are of B‐cell phenotype.
Methods. Histologic and immunohistochemical analyses of seven patients with PBL and statistical analysis of 152 patients with PBL reported in the Japanese literature were performed.
Results. Malignant lymphoma could not be predicted preoperatively with clinical and radiologic findings; breast carcinoma, fibroadenoma, and phyllodes tumor were the preoperative diagnoses. All patients were women; they ranged in age from 31 to 80 years (mean, 57.6 years). The right breast was involved initially in five patients. In four, only the breast was involved (Stage I), whereas in three, the ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes (Stage II) were involved at diagnosis. According to the Working Formulation, all patients belonged to the intermediate grade and were classified as having diffuse large cell (five patients) or mixed (two patients) lymphoma. Immunophenotypic analysis revealed that all patients had B‐cell lymphoma. No patients had lymphoepithelial lesions, which is the characteristic feature in categorizing lymphoma as mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. A statistical analysis of the patient reported in the Japanese literature has divided PBL into two types: bilateral type that affects younger women and unilateral type that has broad age distribution, but preponderantly occurs in older women. The age and stage at diagnosis were significant prognostic factors in predicting the survival time, but the location and size of the tumor at initial presentation, histopathologic type, terminal leukemic manifestation, and treatment modality were not.
Conclusions. This study indicates that most PBL are diffuse large cell lymphoma of B‐cell phenotype and that the age and stage at diagnosis are significant prognostic factors.
Summary.A mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) cell line (JeKo-1) was established from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of a patient with a large cell variant of MCL showing leukaemic conversion. JeKo-1 cells were Epstein-Barr virus negative and showed a B-cell phenotype with IgMþ and CD23 ¹ ; they overexpressed cyclin Dl, Bcl-2, c-Myc and Rb proteins. Bcl-1/J H gene rearrangement was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction, although karyotypic analysis showed 40/41 chromosomes devoid of apparent t(11;14)(q13;q32) translocation. JeKo-1 cells were highly tumourigenic in SCID mice.
Uropathogens in many Asian countries had high resistance to broad-spectrum antibiotics. Knowledge of regional and local resistance data and prudent use of antibiotics are important for proper management of UTI in Asian countries.
Abstract. Andrographolide, a natural compound isolated from Andrographis paniculata, has been reported to possess antitumor activity. In the present study, the effect of andrographolide in human gastric cancer (GC) cells was investigated. Andrographolide induced cell death with apoptotic and non-apoptotic features. At a low concentration, andrographolide potentiated apoptosis and reduction of clonogenicity triggered by recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (rhTRAIL). Exposure of GC cells to andrographolide altered the expression level of several growth-inhibiting and apoptosis-regulating proteins, including death receptors. It was demonstrated that activity of the TRAIL-R2 (DR5) pathway was critical in the development of andrographolide-mediated rhTRAIL sensitization, since its inhibition significantly reduced the extent of apoptosis induced by the combination of rhTRAIL and andrographolide. In addition, andrographolide increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in a dose-dependent manner. N-acetyl cysteine prevented andrographolide-mediated DR5 induction and the apoptotic effect induced by the combination of rhTRAIL and andrographolide. Collectively, the present study demonstrated that andrographolide enhances TRAIL-induced apoptosis through induction of DR5 expression. This effect appears to involve ROS generation in GCs.
Background. The occurrence of osteoid‐chondral elements in gliosarcoma is extremely rare and has been reported in only two cases. A new, rare case of gliosarcoma with osteosarcomatous differentiation in a 55‐year‐old man and histogenesis of osteoid‐chondral tissue in gliosarcoma is discussed.
Methods. Surgically removed tumor tissues were examined immunohistochemically and electron microscopically, and a histologic examination was performed.
Results. Immunohistochemical and electron microscopic studies confirmed the presence of glial, fibroblastic, and osteoid‐chondral elements. A major part of the sarcomatous tissue was undifferentiated and stained only by vimentin. Some areas of osteoid‐chondral tissue were positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP).
Conclusions. These data suggest that osteoid‐chondral elements came from the sarcomatous portion and GFAP positivity is not restricted to astrocytes and has been seen particularly in chondroid areas of non‐glial tumors.
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