Lactobacillus kimchicus sp. nov., a b-glucosidaseproducing bacterium isolated from kimchi
A Gram-positive, non-motile, pale-yellow, short rod-shaped bacterium, strain DCY26 T , was isolated from soil of a ginseng field in South Korea and was investigated to determine its taxonomic position. The organism grew optimally at 30-37 6C. The G+C content of its DNA was 65.8 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain DCY26T was related most closely to species of the genus Curtobacterium, in the family
Ginsenosides are the principal components responsible for the pharmacological and biological activities of ginseng. Ginsenoside Rd was transformed into compound K using cell-free extracts of food microorganisms, with Lactobacillus pentosus DC101 isolated from kimchi (traditional Korean fermented food) used for this conversion. The optimum time for the conversion was about 72 h at a constant pH of 7.0 and an optimum temperature of about 30°C. The transformation products were identified by thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography, and their structures were assigned using nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. Generally, ginsenoside Rd was converted into ginsenoside F2 by 36 h post-reaction. Consequently, over 97% of ginsenoside Rd was decomposed and converted into compound K by 72 h post-reaction. The bioconversion pathway to produce compound K is as follows: ginsenoside Rd→ginsenoside F2→compound K.
Microbacterium ginsengiterrae sp. nov., a b-glucosidase-producing bacterium isolated from soil of a ginseng field Korean Ginseng Center and Ginseng Genetic Resource Bank, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seocheondong, Giheung-gu Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 449-701, Republic of Korea Strain DCY37 T was isolated from a soil sample of a ginseng field in the Republic of Korea and characterized in order to determine its taxonomic position. Cells were Gram-staining-positive, heterotrophic, strictly aerobic, non-motile short rods. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain DCY37 T belongs to the genus Microbacterium. According to 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, it is closely related to Microbacterium aerolatum DSM 14217 T (98.8 %), Microbacterium hydrocarbonoxydans DSM 16089 T (98.5 %), Microbacterium natoriense JCM 12611 T (98.5 %), Microbacterium foliorum (98.4 %) and Microbacterium phyllosphaerae (98.3 %). However, DNA-DNA hybridization studies showed reassociation values of less than 70 % between representative strains and DCY37 T . The DNA G+C content was 64.5 mol%. Strain DCY37 T possessed chemotaxonomic markers that were consistent with classification in the genus Microbacterium, i.e. MK-12 and MK-13 as the major menaquinones and anteiso-C 15 : 0 , anteiso-C 17 : 0 and iso-C 16 : 0 as the predominant cellular fatty acids. The major cell wall sugars were ribose, xylose and galactose. The diamino acid in cell-wall hydrolysates of strain DCY37 T was ornithine and major cell-wall amino acids were alanine, glycine, D-glutamic acid and serine. The major polar lipids were glycolipid, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and unknown aminolipids. Based on these data, DCY37 T (5KCTC 19526 T 5JCM 15516 T ) should be classified as the type strain of a novel species of the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium ginsengiterrae sp. nov. is proposed.Members of the genus Microbacterium can be isolated from a wide range of different environmental habitats from soil to insects, human clinical specimens and marine environments. The genus Microbacterium (phylum Actinobacteria, class Actinobacteria, order Actinomycetales, family Microbacteriaceae) was first reported by Orla-Jensen and was emended by Collins et al.. More recently, the genus was emended again to unite the genera Microbacterium and Aureobacterium. At the time of writing, the genus Microbacterium consisted of 68 species with validly published names, including three species (Microbacterium soli, Microbacterium azadirachtae and Microbacterium agarici) whose descriptions were still in press. In this study, we characterized a new isolate belonging to the genus Microbacterium. Extensive physiological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses were carried out to determine the precise taxonomic position of strain DCY37 T .Cell morphology and motility were observed with a Nikon light microscope (61000 magnification) using the hanging drop method, with cells grown on R2A agar for 2 days at 30 u C. Transmission electron microscopy was carried out as follows. ...
Strain DCY21T , a Gram-negative, gliding and rod-shaped aerobic bacterium was isolated from soil of a ginseng field in the Republic of Korea and characterized using a polyphasic approach in order to determine its taxonomic position. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain DCY21T clustered with the species of the genus Lysobacter. were iso-C 15 : 0 (34.3 %), iso-C 17 : 1 v9c (19.5 %) and iso-C 17 : 0 (17.2 %) and the major isoprenoid quinone was Q-8. The major polar lipids of strain DCY21 T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidyl-Nmethylethanolamine. The G+C content of the total DNA was 65.4 mol%. The DNA-DNA relatedness values, and biochemical and physiological characteristics strongly supported the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain DCY21 T from species of the genus Lysobacter.
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