Porous electrodes are important in many physical−chemical
processes including capacitive deionization (CDI), a desalination
technology where ions are adsorbed from solution into the electrostatic
double layers formed at the electrode/solution interface inside of
two juxtaposed porous electrodes. A key property of the porous electrode
is the charge efficiency of the double layer, Λ, defined as
the ratio of equilibrium salt adsorption over electrode charge. We
present experimental data for Λ as a function of voltage and
salt concentration and use this data set to characterize the double-layer
structure inside of the electrode and determine the effective area
for ion adsorption. Accurate experimental assessment of these two
crucial properties of the electrode/solution interface enables more
structured optimization of electrode materials for desalination purposes.
In addition, detailed knowledge of the double-layer structure and
effective area gives way to the development of more accurate dynamic
process models describing CDI.
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