An investigation into the effects of proton beam exposure on high-and low-copper structural materials for nuclear reactors has been carried out. The aim of this work was to investigate the impact of proton energy irradiation on the damage of the materials. The damage parameter used in the evaluation was displacement per atom (dpa) in material as a function of proton energy. In addition, a TRIM code was used to identify the penetration depth in response to changes in proton energy. The effect of proton beam exposure on the irradiation induced hardening of the different copper levels was investigated by Vickers Hardness tests for microstructural changes examination. The proton beam incident energy was 3 MeV and the temperature was kept at approximately 30 ᴼC. A 25 μm flat damage profile was achieved at 0.367 and 0.373 dpa for low and high copper samples, respectively. The hardness variation with depth and yield strength variation with dose (dpa) were also investigated. Based on the results, the study found that the hardness test for the high copper was higher than the low copper.
The purpose of this work was to investigate and quantify the linear attenuation coefficient and the buildup factor for different materials. The linear attenuation coefficient of absorber materials such as graphite was (0.097 cm-1), whereas it was observed (0.136 cm-1) for aluminium, and lead was (0.596 cm-1). By using the gamma radiation energies emitted from 60 Co source with 1332 keV, experimental and theoretical values are in a good agreement. Attenuation coefficient was measured by using counts of good geometry and bad geometry. The result shows that the linear attenuation is higher for lead and better radiation shielding compared with graphite and aluminium. Furthermore, buildup factor decreases with increasing thickness of the absorber material.
Corrosion damages all materials, necessitating replacement and inspection related expenses. Thus, the demand has increased for new corrosion inhibitor materials. The ratios of corrosion inhibition of materials are different, but organic compounds have high efficiency in aqueous corrosion inhibition for various alloys and metals. This efficiency can increase in the presence of O, N and S. The molecule provides great inhibition with the presence of both S and N atoms in the same compound. This paper investigates the 1, 3, 4-thiadiazole molecule and electronic structure of several organic compounds such as R1 and R2 which consist of different substituent groups. They were united to the ring of 1, 3, 4-thiadiazole to provide nine different derivatives. Quantum computations (density functional theory, DFT) at 6-311G++ (d, p) basis set and Becke’s three parameters hybrid (B3LYP) level were performed using Gaussian program. The purpose of this study is to determine the chemical behaviour of several heterocyclic organic compounds and to understand the process of the corrosion inhibition.
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