1 We investigated the ability of N-benzyl-N-ethyl-2-(7,8-dihydro-7-methyl-8-oxo-2-phenyl-9H-purin-9-yl)acetamide (AC-5216), a novel mitochondrial benzodiazepine receptor (MBR) ligand, to produce anti-anxiety and antidepressant-like effects in various animal models. 2 AC-5216 showed high affinity for MBRs prepared from rat whole brain (K i 0.297 nM), rat glioma cells (IC 50 3.04 nM) and human glioma cells (IC 50 2.73 nM), but only negligible affinity for the other main receptors including central benzodiazepine receptors. 3 AC-5216 produced anti-anxiety effects in the Vogel-type conflict test in rats, and in the light/dark box and social interaction tests in mice at 0.1-3, 0.003-0.01 and 0.01-0.3 mg kg À1 , p.o., respectively. These effects of AC-5216 were antagonized by PK11195, an MBR antagonist. In the forced swimming test in rats, AC-5216 (3-30 mg kg À1 , p.o.) reduced the immobility time, and this effect was blocked by PK11195. 4 AC-5216 had no myorelaxant effects, did not affect the memory or prolong hexobarbitoneinduced sleep in mice, even at doses as high as 1000 mg kg À1 , p.o. Although it did slightly prolong the ethanol-induced sleep time at 1000 mg kg À1 , AC-5216 (1-100 mg kg À1 , p.o.) produced no distinct change in the rat electroencephalogram. 5 These results indicate that AC-5216 produces anti-anxiety and antidepressant-like effects that are mediated by MBR, but does not cause the side effects normally associated with conventional benzodiazepines. Hence, AC-5216 shows potential for the treatment of stress-related disorders including anxiety and depression.

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