The van Cittert-Zernike theorem is extended to the vectorial regime based on spatial averaging over the observation plane, and experimental demonstrations are presented. The theorem connects complex vectorial source structure to the degree of coherence and polarization of the spatially fluctuating vectorial field in the far field. Experimentation is carried out by making use of the space averages as a replacement of ensemble averages for the Gaussian stochastic field. For quantitative comparison with the theorem, analytical and experimental results are presented for a rectangular aperture with different vectorial source structures.
Extension of coherence holography to vectorial regime is investigated. A technique for controlling and synthesizing optical fields with desired elements of coherence-polarization matrix is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The technique uses two separate coherence holograms, each of which is assigned to one of the orthogonal polarization components of the vectorial fields.
A new technique, referred to as Stokes holography, is proposed and experimentally demonstrated for controlled synthesis of generalized Stokes parameters in 3D space using Stokes fringes. Stokes fringes are polarization fringes which permit to record and reconstruct complete wavefront. Full use of Stokes fringes in a single step is realized by scattering complex field and subsequently reconstructing using spatial averaging of the randomly scattered field. Mathematical formulations are derived and supported by experimental results of 3D object reconstruction in generalized Stokes parameters.
A simple interferometric polarimeter with an integrated calibration scheme is proposed for accurate and fast mapping of the state of polarization (SOP). Conventional single-shot polarimeters that detect the amplitude and phase of orthogonally polarized field components by interferometry using Fourier fringe analysis suffers from errors caused by the imperfect reference beam and ambiguity in the spatial carrier frequency in the fringe pattern. In the proposed system, the integrated calibration scheme eliminates those error sources and enables accurate measurement of SOP without prior knowledge of the reference beam and the spatial carrier frequency.
Systemic inflammation and poor nutritional status have a negative effect on the outcomes
of cancer. Here, we analyzed the effects of the pretreatment inflammatory and nutritional
status on clinical outcomes of locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
patients treated with chemoradiotherapy. We retrospectively reviewed 89 patients with
locally advanced NSCLC treated with chemoradiotherapy between July 2006 and June 2013.
Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) was assessed as an inflammatory marker, and serum albumin,
body mass index (BMI) and skeletal mass index were assessed as nutritional status markers.
The relationships between these markers and overall survival (OS) were assessed. The
median OS was 24.6 months [95% confidence interval (CI): 19.4–39.3 months]. During
follow-up, 58 patients (65%) had disease recurrence and 52 patients (58%) died. In
multivariate Cox hazard analysis, CRP levels and BMI approached but did not achieve a
significant association with OS (P = 0.062 and 0.094, respectively).
Recursive partitioning analysis identified three prognostic groups based on hazard
similarity (CRP-BMI scores): 0 = CRP < 0.3 mg/dl, 1 = CRP ≥ 0.3 mg/dl and BMI ≥ 18.5
kg/m2, and 2 = CRP ≥ 0.3 mg/dl and BMI < 18.5 kg/m2. The
CRP-BMI score was significantly associated with OS (P = 0.023). Patients
with scores of 0, 1 and 2 had median OS of 39.3, 24.5 and 14.5 months, respectively, and
the scores also predicted the probability of receiving salvage treatment after recurrence.
The CRP-BMI score is thus a simple and useful prognostic marker of clinical outcome for
patients with locally advanced NSCLC treated with chemoradiotherapy.
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