We propose a model for the integration of electric vehicles (EVs) into the grid power system in Japan. The potential of the switchover from conventional vehicles to EVs and the incurred charging loads for the EV fleet were evaluated based on the results of a Japanese road traffic census. Furthermore, an EV battery operation model was incorporated into the production cost analysis model, which is capable of determining the optimal electricity supply and demand, considering the existing interconnector power flows. The potential economic and environmental contributions of EV charge and discharge controls, with the ultimate goal of realizing the introduction of a massive renewable energy source in the future, were also evaluated. We found that EVs can greatly contribute to expanding the use of renewable energy and reducing system cost by charging and discharging not only at the owner’s home but also at his/her workplace.
Under the anticipated high penetration of variable renewable energy generation such as photovoltaics and higher share of nuclear generation, the issue of supply-demand balancing capability should be evaluated and fixed in a future power system. Improvement of existing balancing measures and new technologies such as demand activation and energy storage are expected to solve the issue. In this situation, a long-range power system supply-demand analysis should have the capability to evaluate the balancing capability and balancing countermeasures. This paper presents a new analysis methodology of activated demand model and evaluation of supply-demand balancing capability for a long-range power system demand-supply analysis model, ESPRIT. Model analysis was made to verify the new methodology of the tool including day-ahead scheduling of a heat pump water heater, an EV/PHEV, and a battery.
This paper describes a new approach for electric generation expansion planning of interconnected systems. The proposed approach is based on the Benders Decomposition technique. That is, the large scale generation expansion planning is divided into one master problem which is constituted by general Economic Load Dispatch (ELD) problem, and several subproblems which are composed of smaller scale isolated system generation expansion planning. Power exchanges between each system are calculated by using Linear Programming in master problem. On the other side, generation expansion plans are determined by the conventional approach in subproblems. Since the large scale interconnected system planning is decomposed into several smaller scale isolated system planning, both computation time and memory can be largely saved. In addition, the generation capacity installation and the fuel cost can be also expected to reduce by regulating the power exchanges and sharing common reserve of the interconnected system.
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