Serpula himantioides is a globally distributed saprotrophic fungus that is observed on all continents except Antarctica (Carlsen et al., 2011).Serpula himantioides mainly occurs on hardwood and softwood trees in natural environments, but it can also inhabit wooden structures (Carlsen et al., 2011). Brown rot caused by S. himantioides in the roots and stem base has been reported on various hosts (e.g. Pseudotsuga menziesii, Larix kaempferi) (Seehann, 1986). In Japan, the butt rot caused by S. himantioides has been reported in old stands of Chamaecyparis pisifera (Haraguchi et al., 2017, Figure 1a-c) and Abies sachalinensis. Molecular analyses have revealed that S. himantioides includes several cryptic lineages. Kauserud et al. (2004) conducted a phylogenetic analysis based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the beta-tubulin (tub) gene and identified two lineages. In a follow-up study, Kauserud et al. (2006) performed a phylogenetic analysis based on four DNA regions [ITS, LSU, tub, and the heat stress protein gene (hsp)] with amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) and defined three lineages. This study also showed that these three lineages are mutually incompatible, suggesting that they could be defined as biological species. Carlsen et al. (2011) similarly conducted phylogenetic analyses based on the same four DNA regions with additional samples from different regions around the world, Japan excluded, and concluded that S. himantioides consists of five cryptic lineages (PS1-PS5). In the study of Kauserud et al. (2004), a Japanese isolate used in the phylogenetic analysis based on the ITS region clustered with an
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