[1] High-pressure and high-temperature experiments of albitic plagioclase up to 41 GPa and 270°C were carried out using an externally heated diamond anvil cell. Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy of the recovered samples revealed that the amorphization of albite was complete at ∼37 GPa and room temperature. The amorphization pressure at 170°C was nearly the same as that at room temperature. In contrast, the pressure largely decreased to ∼31 GPa at 270°C. In comparison with the amorphization pressure of albite in laboratory shock experiments, that in the present static compression experiments is significantly lower (>10 GPa) even at room temperature. This suggests that shorter pressure duration results in a lower degree of amorphization of plagioclase. The formation of maskelynite in shocked meteorites does not necessarily require the very high shock pressure (30-90 GPa) that was previously estimated on the basis of shock recovery experiments. Citation: Tomioka, N., H. Kondo, A. Kunikata, and T. Nagai (2010), Pressure-induced amorphization of albitic plagioclase in an externally heated diamond anvil cell,
The influence of the water content in the phosphonium ionic liquids, triethyl-pentyl-phosphonium bis(trifluoromethyl-sulfonyl)amide (P2225TFSA) was investigated for the electrodeposited neodymium metal. For this purpose, the viscosity and the electrical conductivity were firstly researched in Nd(III)/P2225TFSA with and without the water content and these correlations with temperature dependence showed a good linear relation based on Walden rule. These properties also revealed that the electrical conduction of the ionic liquid was mainly attributed to the mass transfer of Nd(III) complexes and ionic species even in the presence of water. In addition, from the electrochemical analysis, no cathodic peak related with the decomposition of water was observed in sufficiently dried Nd(III)/P2225TFSA. Furthermore, the cathodic current in the dried Nd(III)/P2225TFSA electrolyte was larger than that in undried electrolyte during the neodymium electrodeposition. Finally, the electrodeposits obtained by potentiostatic electrolysis on -3.1V at 150{degree sign}C were mainly consisted of the neodymium metallic state identified by XPS.
This paper reviews recent infrared studies on water–aromatic hydrocarbon mixtures. It mainly deals with infrared absorption of HDO in hydrocarbons measured as a function of temperature and pressure in the 373–648 K and 100–350 bar ranges, respectively. The intensity ratio of a hydrogen-bonded OH band to a hydrogen-bond-free OH band increases with increasing temperature. This fact indicates that the rate of increase in water solubility in the hydrocarbons is large enough to surmount the entropy effect which is unfavorable to water–water association. A good correlation between the peak frequency of the hydrogen-bond-free band and ionization potential of solvent hydrocarbons suggests that the concept of π-hydrogen bonding between water and aromatic hydrocarbons is useful even at high temperatures and pressures. At higher temperatures, the two OH bands mentioned above merge into a single band, which suggests that a water molecule rotates rather freely even in a hydrogen-bonded water cluster at high enough temperature. Water concentration and density of a hydrocarbon-rich phase are estimated from infrared intensities. Both of them show remarkable pressure dependence near an extended line of the three-phase coexistence curve in the phase diagram. This behavior should be characteristics of fluid mixtures near the critical region.
It is very important to develop the recycle process for rare earth metals from the standpoint of environmental friendly and saving energy. We have already demonstrated that an economic recycle process of the rare earths from the waste of neodymium based magnets. This study in rare earths recycle process was focused on the separation of the iron group metal and the recovery of the rare earths using a novel ionic liquid. In addition, this phosphonium based ionic liquid was adaptable as an electrodeposition media for the recycle process because this kind of ionic liquid is unique physicochemical properties such as low viscosity and high electrochemical stability. The electrochemical and the diffusive properties of the iron complex were investigated from linear sweep voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The diffusion coefficient of Fe() was estimated to be the order of 10 -11 m 2 s -1 at 100°C. It was also revealed that the nucleation process of Fe() was proceeded on the instantaneous nucleation from Scharifker model. The overpotential of the nucleation process for Fe() was decreasing with elevating the bath temperature of the ionic liquid. Moreover, the selective separation of the iron metal was effectively possible for the electrodeposition at the constant potential. Furthermore, the electrodeposition in ionic liquid bath was allowed us to recover the neodymium metal at highly efficient.
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